Supporting Children Essay Example for Free

Supporting Children EssayThe Children perform 1989 has influenced setting by delivery together some(prenominal) sets of guidance and appropriated the foundation for many of the standards pr moitioners adhere to and apply when holding with minorren. The symbolize requires that settings work together in the outperform interests of the chela and that they form partnerships with pargonnts and c bers. It requires settings to eat up an purloin adult child ratios and policies and procedures on child protection. This Act has an influence in all told told beas of practice within setting. For example planning.United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child 1989 UNCRC is a human proficients treaty which sets let on the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the historic period of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under a states own domestic legislation .Children Act 2004 This Act was introduced as a result of the ending of Victoria Climbie and was the introduction of Every Child Matters which ensures the easybeing of children through its five outcomes. The Every Child Matters framework has influenced settings by giving them and otherwise childc be settings a duty to understand new ways of working together by manduction information and working co-operatively to protect children from harm.Human Rights Act 1998 This Act has had a huge impact in current legislation in the UK. Under the Act it was agreed that children would relieve oneself the same rights as adults which means children postulate the right to dignity, respect and fairness in the way that they atomic number 18 treated, meaning that settings looking aft(prenominal) children should be treating children with respect, dignity and fairness, meaning all children should be treated the same. The Act proves availcapable in UK courts a remedy for breach of a Convention right, without the subscribe to to go to the European Court of Human Rights.child care Act 2006 The Act defines new duties for Local Authorities with respect to improving the Every Child Matters outcomes for pre-schoolchildren, childcare for working parents and parental information services.E3 All the legislations and guidance in late(a) decades, including the Children Act 2004, make it clear that the childs interests must come first. All professionals must work together to promote the childs benefit before all else. All early years settings and schools must nominate a member of staff to oversee safeguarding and child protection. This somebody should be specifically trained to undertake this role. The whole team, including volunteers and students must work together to promote childrens welfare and keep them safe. For some children, universal services such as early years education and health visiting are non enough to ensure their healthy, safe and happy growment. They whiteth orn experience unrestrained difficulties, fall behind in their development or learning, or suffer the adverse effects of poverty, poor housing or ill health.There are also children in need, who are judged to be unlikely to reach or maintain a satisfactory level of health or development unless they are offered additional services. (Bruce, 2010448) This chemical collection includes children with disabilities. Infection control and stopping cross-contamination is essential when safeguarding children, as cross-contaminating food could be vital if children have allergies or intolerances. All members of staff in the setting should be aware of the allergies and intolerances of the children incase they have to prepare a meal. The members of staff should be aware and be in knowledge of the children who need to have an epi-Pen incase of an anaphylaxis shock. It is essential that practitioners are able to recognise possible signs and indicators of abuse. Sometimes you might notice physical signs that a child or young person is being abused. Babies and toddlers whitethorn for example, not have the language skills required, while older children whitethorn not always recognise that what the adult has been doing is wrong.Children and young state heap also be living in fear as their maltreater is likely to have a great give care of control over them. roughly children have falls and minor accidents that result in bruising, cuts and bumps. The difference between genuine accidents and deliberate injuries to the child is often the location of the injuries and the frequency with which they occur. Children who have been physically abused may show through their behaviour and play that they are being abused. It is good practice to anticipate a child more or less an disfigurement as most children who havehad genuine accidents are happy to talk nearly what has happened to them. Children who have been physically abused might have been told by the abuser not to talk about what has happened and to say that they fell or bumped into something if they are asked about bruising or cuts. If a child seems upset or uneasy when talking about an injury, you should always pass on this information to your supervisor.You may be asked to keep a note of the date and type of injury that you have seen, as well as a record of what the child said. Sexual abuse can be hard to detect as the child may not outwardly seem injured. Some physical signs may be apparent but behavioural indicators can be a more self-explanatory clue. There are a few physical indicators of emotional abuse, although some older children may show self-destructive behaviour such as lancinate themselves or drastic dieting. The main indicator of emotional abuse is the childs need for attention and low self-esteem. Parents who neglect their children may have substantial personal and other problems of their own.The children might be loved but parents find it hard to provide the basic care that the children need. Children who are being neglected are at risk of having accidents through being left unsupervised, either at home or while out playing. They are also vulnerable to rape from strangers. Children who are being abused may show behaviour that is not part of their normal pattern or is out of character. If the change of behaviour is gigantic term then the practitioner should consider the possibility of abuse, meaning the child will be observed more closely for other signs.E4 The term comprehensive is often used to describe the concept of making sure that everyone smacks welcome and part of a setting. This applies to parents as well as children. In order to get hold of this, settings should constantly be looking at what they are doing and how they are doing it, and think about whether they are really meeting childrens and their families needs. Settings that are fair, just and inclusive recognise that anti-discriminatory practice means that individual needs. Settings that are fai r, just and inclusive recognise that anti-discriminatory practice means that individual needs are taken into cast and that children and their families are not expected to all be the same. Settings that are proactive use many sources of information to reflect on their policies and activities. They may ask parents and children to provide feedback, suggestions andcomments about a whole range of issues, for example, what activities the children have enjoyed, session opening hours and requests for information.Settings also seek information from organisations locally and nationally who lose children and families with particular needs. Practitioners should work in a fair, just and inclusive way, taking into account both the statutory legal framework in the United Kingdom and the policies and procedures in the setting. You need to value, and show respect to all those you encounter in your setting as individuals. Definitions of inclusion have developed from being primarily focused on inte grate children with special educational needs into a much broader concept concerning social justice and equality for all. Inclusion is the process by which early years settings develop their ethos, policies and practices to include all learners with the aim of meeting their individual needs.E5 and D2 Daily routine is a strategy which most settings have in use to empower children. The fooling routine provides a consistent, predictable sequence of events that gives children a sense of control over what happens in their day. Different settings develop different routine expect how long children stay in the premises and their age, but most of the daily routine contain basic components such as outside routine, large group time, small group time, register time, art/craft time, tidy up time and snack/meal time. During the daily routine the child learns to make choices and discovers their consequences. This creates word form of secure environment, because children know what to expect and this allows them to be more involve in the tasks and more co-operative with the practitioner. The second strategy is planning and providing different activities and experiences for children. This strategy is suggested by the EYFS because allows for adventure, exploration and gaining new experiences. Different activities, which the setting provide develop range of skills and abilities.Taking part in activities, free-flow or structured, allows children learn social interactions and behaviours such as sharing equipment, taking turns. Providing activities allows children to use their language to communicate wiliness to participation in it, raising their confidence to communicate and self reliance to complete it. Providing different activities grow childrens imagination, cognitive, language, personal, social and emotionalas well as physical development and allow to fulfil childrens potential. Encouraging childrens self-reliance is an cardinal part of helping them to develop the indepen dence and resilience which will enable them to face lifes demands and challenges in preparation for their adult lives. Encouraging self-reliance involves helping children to develop independence, dependence, competence in looking after themselves, trust in their own judgement and actions and confidence in their own abilities.Be patient and provide time for children to do things for themselves. For example, let younger children dress themselves although it takes longer, it is an essential self-help skill. Children with physical disabilities may need sensitive support in this area. (Meggitt, C 2012296) Settings may use the skill of developing a positive self-image to empower children. A way of doing this is to allow the children to realise who they are by realising they have their own identity. Children deal with things differently to adults and feel things more deeply than adults do, meaning they need a great deal of support to understand, express and deal with all their emotions th at are button on. Children need to learn to be recognised by their name, developing their self-esteem which can be boosted by their key worker within a setting. By developing their self-esteem it begins to help them understand how to seek support from key workers or parents/carers to keep them safe and well, helping them to developing holistically.By allowing a child to develop his or her feelings it brings them the confidence that it is okay to show their emotions. By their key person being supportive of this it makes the child likely to tell them how he or she is feeling. Independence is another strategy. By a child learning to wash and dry their hands after going to the toilet, messy activities, playing outside, before and after bed, after blowing their nose, etc, it helps them understand the concept of their own and others hygiene. It is also very all-important(prenominal) for children of any age to understand how to care for their own teeth and understand how important it is to have good dental hygiene. Also becoming independent when going to the potty or toilet is vital when it comes to their lifestyle later on in life.E6 and D1 One example of how a setting may prepare young children is by using a teddy or a role-play to act out the situations that may occur during atransition. Using a teddy may indirectly allow the child to express their concerns and fears about what their new setting may be like. Role-play is an effective tool for young children to engage in, so that they can act out what may happen in their new setting and how best to confront any problems they may encounter. Tassoni noted that with older children and young people it is good to talk to them about the transition. (2007147) Talking regularly to older children is imperative so as to perceive an idea of the childs fear or expectations for the transitions. As they will likely not remember everything that they may want to ask at once, therefore continued discussions are helpful for them s o that they can settle any uneasiness. Having communication between the two settings is also imperative, as well as making sure that parents are involved, to help make the children more comfortable.The practitioners should meet in order for them to discuss the needs and preferences of the children in order to maintain some kind of continuity for them. Taking the children to visit their new settings in order to familiarise themselves with it is beneficial for them. On the other hand key workers or the new teacher for the younger children could visit the children so that they can start to bond with them. Some children deal with transitions with more difficulty than others do. Some children can find it difficult when moving from a nursery to a primary school. As children become older, they start to cope better with being separated from their parents, but it all depends on how well they coped with settling into new settings during transitions.Having stable relationships around the child ren can help them feel safe and secure during certain transitions in their life. Children need practitioners and fondness adults who are able to recognise the importance of attachment and emotional wellbeing during periods of transitions. A way in which practitioners can help children settle during transitions is by bringing all the children (new and old) together at circle time. Activities like circle time allow children to learn new things, about themselves and each other, whether that is singing their favourite song, or telling the group what they did at the weekend this links into discussion and display. Discussing childrens work and displaying it on boards or posters helps them recognise that they are part of the team and that they feel welcome.E7 and B1 Discrimination can occur even when individual workers have positive attitudes. If the organisations or institution does not consider and meet the needs of everyone involved in it, and makes assumptions based on one set of valu es/stereotyped views, institutional discrimination can occur. This can happen when, for example, children with disabilities are not given plan of attack to the full curriculum, the meals service does not meet the dietary requirements of certain religious groups, a uniform code does not consider the cultural traditions of certain groups concerning dress. Childcare workers are often not aware of how powerful the culture and institutionalised practices of their organisations are in discriminating against certain groups of children or their families. Institutional discrimination is not necessarily a conscious policy on the part of organisation more often it occurs because of a failure to consider the diversity of the community. Whether conscious or unconscious, institutional discrimination is a powerful and damaging force.Children may suffer the effects of stereotyping and discrimination in a number of ways, for example, Research by Milner (1983) shows that children as young as three a ttach value to skin colour, with both black and white children perceiving white skin as better than black. This indicates that children absorb messages about racial stereotyping from a very early age. These messages are very demanding to self-esteem of black children and may result in a failure to achieve their potential. damage is done to white children too, and to society in general, unless this perception of racial superiority is confronted and challenged effectively. These findings underline the need for all settings, including those in all-white areas, to provide a positive draw near that challenges stereotyping. Even very young children can hold fixed ideas about what boys can do and what girls can do. Observation of childrens play shows that some activities are avoided because of perceptions of what is appropriate for girls and boys. This can result in boys and girls having a very limited view of the choices available to males and females in our society.This is particularly significant when, despite advances in fresh years, many women still underachieve. Children with disabilities and their families are subject to many forms of discrimination. Even a caring environment may neglect the ordinary needs of the disable child out of concern to meet their special needs. This may mean that the disability isseen first, rather than the child, and that the childs development is affected because of limited opportunities and limited expectations. Children may find it difficult to form relationships with others, meaning that practitioners need to provide activities that show inclusive practice.The adults role is to promote interactions between children, giving them group activities to do, making sure they are bonding with each other. By the adults giving the children activities it makes them interact with children they wouldnt necessarily interact with outside of the setting. plow discrimination is when discrimination occurs when a child is treated less favourab ly than another child in similar circumstances. Indirect discrimination is when discrimination occurs when a condition is applied that will affect a group of children unfairly when compared to others this includes religions like Sikhs. Discrimination of any kind prevents children and young people from developing a feeling of self-esteem. The effects of being discriminated against can last the whole of a childs life.C1 Jerome Bruners theory on theatrical production is about promote children to learn something new by supporting and helping them when they need help, and then letting the child do it on their own when the adult feels they are positive enough. Bruner believes that humans have the ability to learn and grow with no limit therefore, practitioners should have confidence in the children to learn something new. Although Bruners theory is adult-initiated, it still empowers children. When the scaffolding takes place, practitioners must be enthusiastic and encourage children t o learn practitioners must make it enjoyable and exciting to make sure children do not get tire and distracted. This empowers children as when the practitioner slowly moves away, and allows the child to do it on their own, the childs confidence and self-reliance increases they believe that they are able to do things on their own.This obviously increases their independence they will be happy with themselves and will want to do things on their own more often. If a child has a piling of difficulty, and cant manage to do what they have learnt on their own, the practitioner can still support them until they can manage to do it on their own. As long as the practitioner does not do the work for them, and the child is still learning, the practitioner can give the child as much support as they need, until theycan do it on their own. Another thing which is also good about Bruners theory is that once children will be able to do certain things on their own, for example, writing certain letter s without help or without reminders on how to write them, those children will be able to help other children who have difficulty with writing letters. This will develop social interaction, and both children will be happy with themselves.A1 The Children Act 1989 allocated duties to the local authorities, courts, parents and other child-based agencies in the UK, ensuring that the children are safeguarded and their welfare is promoted. Centered on the idea that children are best cared for within their own families however, it also makes provisions for instances when parents and families do not co-operate with child-based agencies and statutory bodies, like OFSTED. The act states that childrens welfare should be the paramount concern to the courts.Specifying that any delays in the system processes will have a detrimental impact on a childs welfare. The court needs to take into account the childs wishes physical, emotional and educational needs, age, sex, background circumstances, the li kely effect of change on the child, the harm the child has suffered or is likely to suffer, parents ability to meet the childs needs and the powers available to the court. This influences working practice as the practitioners need to make sure what is going on at home, and follow the correct procedures to make sure that the childs welfare is main priority.Children Act 2004 is the amended pas seul of the Children Act 1989. This act was amended in 2004 largely in consequence of the Victoria Climbie inquiry. The Acts ultimate purpose is to make the UK better and safer for children of all ages. The idea behind the act is to promote co-ordination between multiple official entities to improve the overall well-being of children. The 2004 act also specifically provided for including and affecting disabled children. The sections 39-48 in the Childcare Act 2006 introduce the EYFS which supports the delivery of high quality education and care for children from birth to age 5. The UNCRC involv es a Childrens Commissioner. England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, each have their own Childrens Commissioners. The Childrens Commissioner for England promotes and protects childrensrights in England.She does this by listening to what children and young people say about what matters to them and making sure adults in charge take their views and interests into account. In article 6 of the UNCRC it states that all children have the right to life. Governments should ensure that children survive and develop healthily. The UNCRC supports children in their rights, including from abuse or help to safeguard. Section 3 of the primordial Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is all about safeguarding and welfare requirements within early years settings that practitioners must abide by. Section 3.42 is all about medicines, meaning that practitioners must keep a record of all medicines in the setting and the dosage allowances to the children.Illness and injuries is 3.48 in the EYFS meaning that all acc idents, injuries and illnesses should be account in an accident book. 3.45 food all allergies and intolerances should be kept on file for all those members of staff whom are preparing or serving food. Section 3 is all about safeguarding the children making sure that the children within settings should be protected as Every Child Matters. Governments must do everything to protect children and young people from all form of violence, abuse, neglect and mistreatment. (Meggitt, 2012243)BibliographyBeaver, M, Brewster, J, Green, S, Neaum, S, Sheppard, H, Tallack, J, Walker, M (2008) CACHE aim 3 Childcare and Education, Cheltenham, Nelson ThornesBruce, T, Meggitt, C, Grenier, J (2010) Childcare and Education, 5th Edition, London, Hodder EducationDaly, M, Byers, E, Taylor, W (2006) Understanding Early Years Theory in Practice, Oxford, HeinemannDepartment for Education (2012) Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, London, Early EducationMeggitt, C, Bruce, T, Grenier, J (2012) CACHE Level 3 Childcare and Education, 2nd Edition, London, Hodder EducationTassoni, P, Beith, K, Bulman, K, Griffin, S (2010) Level 3 Diploma Children and Young Peoples Workforce, London, Heinemannhttp//www.hse.gov.uk/disability/law.htm 27/05/2014

Importance of a Warm Up Essay Example for Free

Importance of a Warm Up EssayA spry up helps to prepare the body for the physical exertion to come. It gently raises your pulse rate and therefore, your cardiac bias bring output increases and also your rate of ventilation. Your vasomotor centre makes real that more blood is being distributed to the working(a) muscles. This combined affect is to increase the amount of oxygen that is delivered to the muscle cells. This helps to reduce the oxygen deficit when you start carrying out the actual activity.A Warm up is very important as it helps to reduce the possible chances of injury. It raises your body temperature in your muscles as there is an increase in the blood flow which raises your body temperature in your muscles, making them more responsive. The elasticity of muscle tissue is increased and more oxygen can be carried to the working muscles. This testament help to prepare the body for the activity to come.Throughout a warm up routine, it consists of stretching exercis es and this increases your flexibility and so directly reduces the risk of injury. The cogitate for this is that a muscle or tendon group with a greater range of motion leave alone be less likely to experience crying when used actively. prolonging also helps to improve recovery and may enhance the participants performance. Additionally, increased flexibility of the neck, shoulders and upper back may improve respiratory function.The nervous system becomes stimulated which makes sure you more alert and aware and therefore it gets you psychologically prepared. This get out help to increase your levels of motivation and determination to carry out your dance sessions.The benefit of a warm up is that the muscles torn most frequently from the neglect of a warm up are the antagonists (such as the hamstrings- Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, biceps femoris) to the solid contracting muscles (such as the Quadriceps- Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, rectus femoris). Cold antagonistic muscles relax slowly when the agonists contract, therefore free questionment and accurate co-ordination is retarded.At the same time, the force of the contraction of the agonists and the pulsing of the moving part exert a great strain on the unyielding antagonists. Without a warm up, this may lead to the tearing of the muscle fibers or the tendons.Stretching exercisesI get out stretch, moving a joint to just beyond its point of resistance. Flexibility is limited by the joint itself, ligaments and tendons acting upon it. I cannot change the bony structures or the type of joint, but I can stretch the soft tissue surrounding the joint.Neck (Sternocleidomastoid and scalenes)* Turn head to the left, and so to the right.* Look up and then down.* 5 Neck rolls to the right and then 5 neck rolls to the left.* Shoulders, back and coat of arms* I will Circle arms 10 times forward, 10 times backward and then rotate arms alternating. This will ring my shoulder joint.* I wi ll Stretch my cowl muscle by pulling one arm that is kept straight across the chest with your other arm supporting it in its position. This is a horizontal flection movement.* I will stretch my triceps brachii by flexing my elbow and placing my hand behind my head on by back and my other hand puts pressure on the flexed elbow joint.Wrists and fingers* I will rotate my wrist joints, clap my hands together rapidly and then criminal and mobilise my fingers.Hips* I will mobilise my hip joint by placing my hands on my hips and doing 5 hip rotations to the left and then 5 to right. Rotate my hips by raising my leg (with a bent knee so it is at 90 degrees to my body) then I will turn my leg outwards to the side of my body.Spine* I will stretch my vertebral column by crouching down onto my knees and placing my hands on the floor reaching as far as I can.Legs* I will Stretch the Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedials, Vastus Medialis and Rectus Femoris by pulling the ankle with your hand o n the same side of the body keeping the knees together while maintaining the correct book binding alignment. My hips should be square (I will make sure they do not twist.) If I find it difficult to keep my balance I will shield onto my ear with my other hand and focus.* I will stretch the Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris and Semi Membranosus by placing one initiation in front of the other routine your back knee while keeping my front leg straight. Raise the hips and lean your body slightly over. After holding this stretch for 10-15 seconds, I will slowly raise the toes of my front foot so that they point towards the ceiling (I will keep my heel firmly on the ground.) Doing this will produce a full stretch down the back of the leg, i.e. Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, Semi Membranosus and Gastrocnemius.* I will move my legs apart (wide stance), I will then bend forwards with my hands flat to floor.* Right foot behind left at 90 degrees right leg flexed, left leg straight, bend forw ard to left foot. odd foot behind left at 90 degrees left leg flexed, right leg straight, bend forward to right foot.* To stretch the Adductors Longus, Brevis and Magnus both feet will be flat on the floor and facing forward. I will lean over to one side keeping the other leg straight, bend the knee at the side you are leaning over to increase the intensity of the stretch.* To stretch my Gastrocnemius I will put one foot in front of the other and bend youre your front knee. The back leg will be kept straight and the rear heel will be kept firmly on the floor throughout the stretch. This stretch is often carried out against a wall. The Gastrocnemius is stretched by flexing your elbows and moving your body weight forward. Stretch forward until you feel a gentle pull in the lower leg.* To stretch the Soleus, the front knee is bent and is pushed towards the ground, while staying over and just in front of the foot. A gentle pull should be felt in the lower one third of the leg. The knee can then be order medially and laterally to stretch different areas.Ankles* To mobilise my ankle joint I will move the sole of the foot inwards (inversion) and then turn it outwards (eversion).* I will then move the foot downwards (away from the tibia) which isknown as plantar flexion and then I will move it upwards (towards the tibia) and this is known as dorsi flexion. This mobilises the Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius and Soleus.

Transdermal fentanyl patch in the use of chronic and non chronic pain

transdermal fentanyl patch in the use of chronic and non chronic sufferWhat is Fentanyl?Transdermal Fentanyl is a synthetic narcotic analgesic that is widely use in clinical anaesthesia which was originally synthesised by Dr Paul Janssen in the earliest sixties. It is approximately one hundred times to a greater extent potent that morphine which is thought of a the golden standard for opiods this is where other opiods are compared and tested against morphine. callable to its potency, Fentanyl is mainly used for chronic long term illnesses such as cancer however it is also used in short term peachy suffering for practice session child birth (a Fentanyl epidural would be used in this situation). Fentanyl can be administrated in many ways, which allow in patch, ionysys, lollipop, injection and epidural.BiochemistryJanssens synthesis of fentanyl was to reactN-phenethylpiperidone with aniline to create 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine. This compound is then reacted with propionyl chloride to give pure fentanyl, which is toxic and must be diluted in order to administrate to perseverings. American chemical substance society 2005.Transdermal Fentanyl works by binding itself to the -opioid receptors found in the Central Nervous System and the Gastro-Intestinal tract. It has high lipid solubility therefore it binds powerfully to plasma proteins and can quickly cross the blood-brain barrier. This in turn causes the patient to have a sense of euphoria by increasing the patients pain door (the amount of discomfort a person feels enough to con locationr pain) and reducing the sensitivity of pain.Side effects and BenefitsTransdermal Fentanyl is a more popular election among patients as it provides a better quality of life and produces fewer side effects compared to that of other opiods. The side effects of Fentanyl are generic for all opiods, these include respiratory depression (where the patients breathing becomes depressed and slow) muscle spasms, abnormal blood pressure (could be both high or low), nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, itching (caused by the substance making direct contact with the skin), euphoria, dizziness, weight loss and constipation. On the other hand there are many benefits that come from victimization the drug, example A longer period of release i.e. Fentanyl patch can be released throughout the body for a seventy two hour period using the patch and according to clinical studies provides an improved pain moderateness compared to that of morphine. A smaller volume is needed due to its potency and little constipation and less sedation occurs (the patient recovers motor function quicker). Converting a patient onto Transdermal Fentanyl Patch from MorphineThe direct adaptation from Morphine to Fentanyl was first determined and move by cancer patients. These patients are seen to have a steady and unvarying level of pain, and are receiving a constant dosage of Morphine to relieve it. On unstable pain Fentanyl does not work at its best.Below is an example of a patient receiving 100mg IV Morphine Sulphate and is going home on Fentanyl patch.1) Convert to 24h oral MS dose100mg/ IV MS=x 10mg/d IV MS30mg/d oral MS2) Adjust for cross-Tolerance300mg/d oral MS x 0.65 = 200mg/d oral MS Deriving a 35% reduction is equivalent to multiplying by 0.653) Convert adjusting to dose to Fentanyl Transdermal Patch dose 200mg/d oral MS =55/hr Fentanyl Patch3.64) Round to closest Fentanyl Patch dosage from (25, 50, 75, 100)55/hr 50/hr Fentanyl patchReplace patch every 3 days5) Provide oral morphine q2-4h for a break-through -pain at 10% of 24hr period integral200mg/d oral MS x 0.10 = 20mg oral MS q2-4h prn breakthrough painAli Olyaei PharmD, 2005Fentanyl patchThe Fentanyl patch is generally deliberated if there is no devil oral for the patient and is unable to take Fentanyl orally in a tablet/lozenge form or If the patient is reluctant to continue on morphine to due unpleasant side effects such as constipation, toleran ce or if the patient is know to overdose or not pickings the medication this is where the patient will become supervised.The Transdermal Fentanyl patch is often seen as the most common and easy way to treat chronic and non-chronic pain. It allows the patient to self administer the drug at home and has the longest effect on the body. (Margaret Gibbs 2009) The Patch can also be assisted by the lollipop, by using it as a top up mechanism to pain relief. Many health care professionals suggest that the patch should only be used for patients who are opioid-tolerant and cannot successfully manage there pain with other dugs such as morphine. The Patch can come in two forms which include a Reservoir patch, where the patch is susp stoped in a matrix and placed onto the skin and a Matrix patch where the drug is distributed evenly throughout a matrix.Reservoir Patch The principle of this patch is to understand and evaluate the stability and skin penetration profiles of Fentanyl.For this patch t he Fentanyl is limited at heart a reservoir in spite of appearance the patch in a gel form. Dangerous drugs, Justinian Lane 2010 Matrix PatchUnlike the Reservoir patch there is no Fentanyl gel contained within the patch. This style of patch places the Fentanyl within the adhesive so it makes direct contact with the skin. (Causing the side effect of itching). This design of patch is seen as safer as is it unable to let out gel. Dangerous drugs, Justinian Lane 2010How to apply the PatchThere are many guidelines according to Drug and Therapeutics Committee August 2009 that a patient is required to constitute in order to use the patch successfully. * Apply to clean, hairless skin such as the upper arm (which has not exposed to radiotherapy) and seize in place for 1 minute. * The patch works by creating a deposit of drug under the skin through the pores of the skin.* The patch should be replaced every 72 hours. Rotate position so not to irritate the skin.* Avoid direct heat and if t he patient has a fever observe for opioid toxicity.* Fentanyl is causes less constipation than morphine. thusly use half the dose of laxative if needed and repeat.* Prescribe strong opioid for breakthrough with either immediate release morphine sulphate /oxycodone or subcutaneous strong opioid The Patch works by releasing Fentanyl (either from the matrix gel or the Fentanyl Adhesive) into the body fats through the pores of the skin, which in turn releases the drug slowly and constantly around the bloodstream eventually passing the blood brain barrier allowing it to bind to -opiod receptors, giving a constant pain relief of between forty-eight and 72 hours which is usually constant. However, it takes approximately four- twelve hours for the patch to begin releasing Fentanyl into the body. At this point the Fentanyl lollipop would be used to keep the patients pain relief up. Dosage is based on the size of the patch and absorption rate is usually regular, depending on many factors wh ich include body temperature, size of the patient, skin type, measuring rod of body fat, and placement of the patch can all have major effects on pain relief and dosage.Fentanyl patches are manufactured in fivesome sizes 12.5 g/h,25g/h, 50g/h, 75g/h and 100g/h.Fentanyl LollipopThe Transdermal Fentanyl Lollipop is a fast end effective method of administrating the drug, as the drug enters the body via mucous membranes in the mouth. It is primarily used as a top up method of pain relief in conjunction to the Fentanyl Patch, when the patient requires it. It is an beneficial form of administration as the lollipop doesnt require trained medical staff regarding administration Richard Payneb et al. It is favored among patient as it is portable and fast-acting. The dosages for the lollipop are the following 200 g in gray 400 g in blue 600 g in orange 800 g in purple 1200 g in green 1600 g in burgundyFentanyl is prescribed after an assessment of the patients condition, medical memoir and known tolerance to pain medication, such as Morphine. In addition, the dosage is decided based on the severity of the pain over a cardinal hour period.ConclusionTo summarise Transdermal Fentanyl is a potent synthetic analgesic which was manufactured for the treatment of both chronic and non chronic pain precaution which include situations such as cancer or childbirth. It is widely used for the treatment of cancer as is it approximately one hundred times more potent than morphine which is described as the golden standard for opiods. The Fentanyl patch is manufactured in two different styles Matrix and Reservoir they work by diffusing the drug through the pores of the skin and allowing it to be transported around the bodys blood system furthermore crossing the blood barrier binding to the -opiod receptors. The lollipop as a top up mechanism in conjunction according to the patients pain level. The patch is effective and preferred by patients as it has fewer side effects than the majo rity of opiods i.e. morphine, and provides the patient with a better quality of life as it can be administrated at home and last for approximately seventy-two hours.References Margaret Gibbs, The role of transdermal fentanyl patches in the effective management of cancer painhttp, (June 2009) //www.internurse.com Last accessed 1ts December 2009 Last accessed 1st march 2010 (Online) http//www.medicinenet.com/fentanyl_transdermal_system/article.htm Figure 1 (online) http//pubs.acs.org/cen/img/83/i25/8325fentanyl.gif American Chemical society 2005 (online) Last accessed 10th March 2010 http//pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325fentanyl.html Drug and Therapeutics Committee August 2009 (online) Last accessed 12th March 2010 http//www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00d8341c716c53ef011571115245970c Figure 2 (online) http//corpreform.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c716c53ef01157205fb1a970b-pi Figure 3 (online) http//corpreform.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c716c53ef01157205fb2a970b-pi Figure 4 (o nline) http//pi.watson.com/product_shot_images/00591_3213_72.jpg Last accessed 12th march 2010 (online) http//www.fifeadtc.scot.nhs.uk/support/Fentanyl%20palliative%20care.pdf Last accessed 12th march 2010 (online) http//www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00d8341c716c53ef011571115245970c Richard Payneb et al (online) Oral transmucosal fentanyl change state (OTFC) for the treatment of breakthrough pain in cancer patients a controlled dose titration study, (1999) Pain 79 303-312, Last accessed www.sciencedirect.com 21/01/2010

Porters Five Forces Analysis Marketing Essay

Porters Five Forces Analysis Marketing EssayIntroductionThe main suggest of applying the louver forces analysis is to identify the key factors in the industrial environment that influence the organizations capabilities to position itself in order to merit competitive advantage. It is a manakin for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael Porter.An industry is a group of firms that market products which are obstruct substitutes for each some other (e.g. the car industry, the hotel industry).Some industries are more profitable than others, the answer lies in understanding the dynamics of competitive structure in an industry. Porters Five Forces Model is one of the close to influential analytical models for assessing the nature of competition in an industry.Porter explains that there are five forces that determine industry attractiveness and long-run industry profitability. These five competitive forces are the threat of new competitors entry, the thre at of substitutes, the talk terms power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, and the degree of rivalry between existing competitors.Porters five forces diagram.http//www.b2b worldwide.com/ china/images/stories/sections/porters_five_forces.gifSource www.valueestablishmanagement.netIntroduction to hotel industryA hotel is an institution that come throughs a short-term paid residence. In the past, hotels were just a small room with a bed, cupboard, and a table, but now it has totally changed to something else. Nowadays hotels are luxurious residences that include different types of facilities. Most of the hotels now include spas, swimming pools, fitness centers, conferences rooms and international restaurants. Even the rooms are now bigger and include m whatever comfort facilities.Malaysian Association of Hotels (MAH)was established in 1974. It is now being formally recognized as a National Hotel Association. Now it sets the regulations and minimum acceptable levels for bein g a legal verified hotel in Malaysia. It has 2,184 registered members and 17 more hotels in the next 3 years.Table Hotels and rooms supply 2010/2011Bargaining power of suppliersThe term suppliers comprises all sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide goods or services. The two key suppliers to the Hotel industry are labors and tangible estateOver all the suppliers in this market are defined as property owners, developers and real estate companies, interior design and furnishings companies, architects, management and training service providers, marketing companies, industry consultants and ICT manufacturers.Category military rank 1-10RemarksNumber of suppliers6 (medium) Considerable no. of topical anaesthetic and Chinese contractors Small number of quality training providers and skilled employees.Availability of substitute6(medium) Substitutes for property (real estate agents), designers, and employees are available.Switching cost category2 (low)-substitute for hotel are few..Suppliers threat of forward integration2 (low) Suppliers are racyly unlikely to forward integrate into the hotel businessIndustrys treat backward integration5 (high)-hotels could backward integrate to own real estate company. They could stimulate their own training wing.Contribution to quality5 (high)-Property development and real estate companies ply to the quality so does skilled labor and quality trainingContribution to cost2 (low)-Most suppliers are frequently smaller companies compared to hotel companies.-Hence hotel companies have a much higher(prenominal) bargaining power. suppliers contribution to cost is lowOverall, the number of suppliers for the Hotel industry is quite large and each supplier is very small in surface compared to the leading players in the industry. These few powerful players are indispensable to the suppliers. Substitutability of the suppliers is also quite feasible and inexpensive. Switching between real estate agents is non goingto affect a particular Hotel company significantly. However in terms of quality, training centers for employees and ICT manufacturers who provide IT systems thatfor property management are relatively more demanding to replace. Therefore in terms of substitute suppliers industry attractiveness is moderately high.Unlike the supplier is threat offorward integration, Industry is threat of backwardintegration is pretty high since large hotel chains like ITC or IHCLwould have no qualms expanding into the real estatebusiness or developing employee training facilities in-house. Similarlythe industry is contribution to both cost and quality isrelatively high. Overall bargaining power of suppliers is low and industry is attractiveness in terms of supplier bargaining power is high (4). bargain POWER OF BUYERSThe bargaining power of buyers determines how much customers can impose pressure on margins and volumes.The end-users of the high-end hotel industry are-Leisure travelerBusiness travelerCustomers who accept space for conferences or other eventsCategoryRating 1-10Remarks-Number of Buyers7(high)-Buyers are numerous and small in size.- Losing one customer cannot going to base a difference. Their bargaining power is low-Availability of substitutes(medium)-Multiple substitutes for a given hotel or brand is available-Informal accommodation for friends and family is available alternative-Corporate guest houses for the business traveler-Switching cost2(low)-Switching cost arenegligible Buyers are price sensitiveexcept in the-Buyers threat of backward integration5(high) Customers are will notconstruct a hotel or buy a place of residence for each place they visit.-Contribution to quality2(low) Additional facilities suchas spas, gyms and so forth are usedmy hotels to improve thequality of customers stay-contribution to cost5(high) Brand image is veryimportant in this industry and leads to extra cost, Additional amenities,training of staff, locationrent (like close to airport)etc.-Buy ers profitability2(low) Low buyers profitability- In the mid-segment, there are numerous buyers, of very small profitability In the premium segment, buyers are very affluent, and they have greater bargaining power comparedto the mid-segmentIndustrys threat of forward integration.4(medium)-low chances or forward integrationThis industry has many customers who are relatively very small in size. Loss of a iodine customer has little impact on a hotel company and this drives down the buyers bargaining power. Similarly buyers threat of backward integration is almost impossible and so the industry is under threat of forward integration. However the industry does have several substitutes such as camping and volunteer(a) vehicles for tourists, corporate guesthouses for business travelers and other informal means of accommodation with friends and family. Switching cost for all these options is very low, except for the RV. Apart from the provision of accommodation, hotels also provide additi onal facilities and services such as restaurants, gyms, spas, conference halls, ball rooms, lounges etc. Therefore their contribution to quality as well as cost for the buyer is very high.Barriers of entryCategoryRating 1-10RemarksEconomies of scale5(high)High economies of scale- Very important to operatea chain of hotels in multiplelocations, especially for the premium segment. This reduces thedependence on tourismtrends at any given locationProduct differentiation4(medium)Highly differentiated- Brand names and valuesare very important in attracting and retaining customers-brand identity4(medium)Brand is very important.- exchange cost2(low)-low switching cost-capital requirement4(medium)-capital intensifier.-staff, dcor, infrastructure e.t.c is very expensive.-Access to technology3(moderate)-ICT is very important for property management.-Access to raw material4(medium)-Labor, land and other essentials are scant(p) to obtain.-government protection3(moderate)-The tourism industry receives government.-exit barriers2(low)-High exit barriers.Specialized assets for the industry.Brand names are very important in the hotel industry. Companies use their strong brand names to attract new customers and retain old ones. Besides, economies of scale are also a huge factor in this industry. Profitability of hotel chains is drastically higher than individual operations. A new entrant cannot fence with established players in terms of quality, price and even services. If they cannot establish significant economies of scale.Being a capital intensive industry with a large amount of it tied down in fixed costs, makes entry more difficult. Similarly high exit barriers due to specializedassets make the industry less attractive.The hospitality industry is strongly influenced by travel and tourism trends. Government protection for the tourism industry is very high and this in turn rubs off on the hotel industry making it thereby making the industry attractive in general.Competitiv e power of rivalry playersThis aspect describes the mass of competition between existing players (companies) in an industry. High competitive pressure results or leads to pressure on price margins and on profitability for every single company in the industry. The following table shows the analysis of the rivalry between hotels.factorsRatings (5)Remarks.No. of competitions4 (high)Small number of large operatorsIndustry growth3 (medium)Annual growth rate of 15%Fixed cost1 (low)Highly capital intensivedifferentiations4 (high)Strong brand name commands a very high price premium.Switching cost2 (moderate)Low cost switching to similar brandsOpenness to terms of sale4 (high)Price, taxes etc. are knownExcess capacity2 (moderate)Only 70% rooms occupiedStrategic stakes2 (moderate)Although large hotel companies have alter they still have a majority stake in the hotel industry.Summary Porter Five ForcesFactorCurrentFutureRating(5)Key RationaleRatingKey Rationale panic of New Entrants4reasona ble5sensibleCompetitive Rivalry4reasonable5sensibleThreat of Substitute Products3average4reasonableSupplier congeneric Buying Power5sensible4reasonableBuyer Relative Buying Power4 reasonable4reasonableConclusionPorter five forces analysis was used effectively to determine the hotel industries in Malaysia based on treat of new entrants, competitive rivalry, and treat of substitute products, suppliers-relative buying power, and buyer-relative buying power. Hotel is a very flourishing industry in Malaysia with not so many substitutes so the treat of substitute products is very low. Rivalry between hotels is not very high because rivalry is based on classification (5-star hotels compete against other 5-star hotels). Finally in the future relative buying powers will decrease because there will be many new entrants.

Strategic Business Management and Planning of IKEA

Strategic Business Management and Planning of IKEAIKEA has its roots in Smaland, historically one of Swedens poorest regions, so hard work and economizing with resources have constantly been a branch of its heritage. The influence trusty deal be seen in products and value-system. Based on deep knowledge of peoples lives at sept, IKEA offers good quality, durable and functional home furnishing products for everyday c atomic number 18er today.IKEA continues to learn from, and develop with co-workers, customers, suppliers and other partners in 41 countries. The policy is to collide with out a lot out of very little. Since it was founded IKEA has endlessly had the job for people and the environment. The IKEA vision to effect a better everyday emotional state for the many people puts this concern at the heart of the telephone circuit. IKEA has responded to the publics rising concern for sustainability in its choice of product range, suppliers, stores and communication. It has also spotted condescension potential in providing sustainable solutions.ContentsTable of ContentsIntroductionIKEA is an internationally cognize home furnishing retailer with fully integrated supply chain including its own industrial groups Swedwood Swedspan. The IKEA Group directly or indirectly also owns retail centres, of all time with an IKEA store as a unique anchor tenant. It has grown rapidly since it was founded in 1943. Today it is the worlds largest retailer, recognized for its Scandinavian style. The majority of IKEAs furniture is flat pack, ensnare to be assembled by the consumer. This stomachs reduction in salutes and packaging. IKEA stores include restaurants and cafes serving typical Swedish food. They also have subaltern food shops selling Swedish groceries, everything from the famous meatballs to jam.The IKEA group works in four basic areas range strategy product development, production, supply and retail. Low prices are one of the cornerstones of the IKEA c oncept and acquit to make customers want to buy from IKEA. This low strategy is coupled with a wide range of well designed, functional products. IKEAs products cater from every modus vivendi and life stage of its customers, who come from all age groups and types of households. This has become the vital feature when the retail sector is depressed, as it increases IKEAs potential market.Why IKEA?Walking into an IKEA is like pass into a whole new world, its a wildly different experience when I visited the IKEA store for the first time.Its an incredible value for money. IKEA offers a tremendous raft to the savvy buyer you just have to pick wisely. Many of IKEAs product ranges are component based, meaning that the parts and pieces that make up the whole are sold separately, so lots of flexibility. Low price, exclusively not at any price is IKEAs motto when it comes to affectionate environmental responsibility. IKEA works toward using the least(prenominal) amount of resources pos sible and as many renewable and recyclable material as possible in their products. While price is a prime thoughtfulness neither safety nor quality are compromised in the pursuit of a low price. One of the fundamental reasons that IKEA is able to sell for less is that they expect and subscribe to you to do part of the work yourself. The IKEA group has developed an environmental policy to ensure that the participation and its co-workers take environmental responsibility for all activities conducted within its business. trade StrategyYour partner in better living. We do our part, you do yours. Together we save money. Internet, T.V., Newspapers, magazines. Catalog being the main marketing instrument. IKEAs success is based on principal marketing strategies that remain the aforesaid(prenominal) byout the world, which include a catalogue that is printed in 17 languages and the use of the colors of the Swedish flag sullen and yellow in IKEA logo. This is combined with an emphasis o n customer freedom and choice with regard to buying and taking home products, and low prices intend to create a sale mentality amongst customers. This aggressive price strategy coupled with a wide product range catering for every potential lifestyle and life stage of a consumer, can best summarize the companys recipe for success.General Marketing StrategyTo describe IKEAs marketing strategy it is necessary to derail with its business concept as formulated in IKEAs mission (IKEA 12 Jan 2009).IKEA offers a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible can afford. The key words in the business mission, address several marketing aspects and the marketing strategy can be seen to emanate from it. One central theme is the alleged standardized approach of IKEA IKEAs guiding principle is to work in the same way in every country within which it operates.SWOT AnalysisIKEAs goals of sustainability and environmental design are central to its business strategy. It has launched a new sustainability blueprint to take the company through to 2015. This will combine social, environmental and economic issues.IKEA uses SWOT analysis to help it reach its objectives. This is a strategic planning tool. It helps the business to focus on key issues. SWOT is the first stage of planning and looks at the strengths, gutlessnesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or business venture. dominance and weaknesses are internal aspects. This means they are within the concur of the business. They may refer to aspects of marketing, finance, manufacturing or organization. Opportunities and threats are outer factors. This means that they are outside the control of the business. These may include the environment, the economic situation, social changes or technological advances, such as the internet. (Johnson, 2005)StrengthsEvery company needs to analyze its strengths so that the company can overcome its shortcoming s and can increase its profits. IKEA attracts key consumer groups as it is a strong global brand. It promises good quality and price. It offers wide range of well designed, functional products at low prices.It is important to have good relations between suppliers, retailers and customers. Ikeas adopt strategic schemes of work based on relationship marketing which aspire to make better customer devotion and spacious term relationship with suppliers. Here the Porters Five Forces (Appendix 2) model can be applied. In relation to buyer billet in the company IKEA seeks to enhance customer loyalty and make good relations with existing customers while aiming at winning new customers also and ligature them into long term relationships with companies. To result this IKEA provides nursing rooms and playgrounds for parents to make sure that the children have positive experience at the outlets and offering home delivery. It also provides a hotline for customers who have troubles with the asse mbly or missing parts.According to Five Forces Model of Porter (Appendix 2), the substitute products are matter of searching for other products which can coif the same function as the product of the industry. While furniture cannot be the substituted product by the majority of people. Therefore IKEA has the nature of supplying them and the manner in which products or services can be supplied, have become highly substitutable with technological developments. IKEA organizes the furniture in its store in such a way that the customers would not need to try on the furniture to see if they fit and look good in their rooms and computer imaging could allow the creation of virtual rooms. By this the suitability of purchasing of products also increases. The emergence on e-shopping method is another example that IKEA applied and will continuously knead traditional furniture retailers competitive positions in the market. Such strategies have yet remained underutilized and such substitutes hav e yet become part of their competitive strategies.WeaknessIKEA has to collapse its weaknesses so as to improve and manage them. This will help to set its objectives and developing new strategies. The size and scale of its global business can be one of its weaknesses. It could make it hard to control standards and quality. In some countries, they do not execute the legislation to control working condition, where IKEA products are made. This shows a weak link in IKEAs supply chain, disturbing consumer views of IKEAs products. IKEA needs to balance between the low prices and good quality products. It doesnt differentiate itself and its products with other competitors. It believes that in that respect is postcode to compromise between good quality products and low prices. It must keep good quality relations with the customers and the stakeholders about its environmental actions. To enable business to give-up the ghost with different target audiences IKEA produces publications in pr int and online (eg People and the Environment) and carries out major TV and radio campaigns.It operates in a highly competitive industry, characterized by small family-run businesses producing low cost which include other low priced furniture producers characterized by designs that are expensive which results in small-scale production for the local market. Besides this, a few large retailers such as Nova, Courts and Furniture mall enjoying economies of scale to compete effectively as they are producing affordable products. It can be seen that the disceptation of rivals is intense with IKEA and Porters Five Forces can be applied. It has seen that there are the differences of opinion concerning product offerings and positioning.OpportunitiesEvery business take an advantage of opportunities that arise uses its strengths. IKEA believes that resulting in good conducts even in a price sensitive market it should conduct environmentally focused business. As the company states that the cust omers live more suitable life at home as there is a true business potential for IKEA in providing solutions to them. IKEA is recycling and reusing the used products and is developing effective solutions for customers to support them, aiming at producing new IKEA products with recycled materials. IKEA has some of the opportunities that take advantage of through its sustainability agenda are- increasing exacts of greener products, increasing demand for low priced products. The customers may switch from more expensive stores to IKEA by seeing the trends in current financial climate. IKEA gives online tips and suggestions for sustainable life at home. To be open with all its stakeholders IKEA builds trust with its consumers, co-workers, key opinion farmers and press through good communication. It organizes programmes to reduce its use of water.IKEA also focuses on developing social responsibility here IKEA applied Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy, its policy includes support fo r charities such as World Wide Fund, UNICEF and Save the Children. IKEAs relationships are redefined by IWAY policies and practices with suppliers with more effective way. The actions of IKEA in response to the crises of 1995 were very appropriate as the company made a realization that it would be in their best interest to think long term instead of short term.ThreatsIKEA can use a particular strength in defending against threats in the market. If a company is aware of its threats it can plan to counteract them. By applying PESTEL Framework (Appendix 3), IKEA has threats in social factors. IKEA gives suggestions to the customers for more sustainable life by online. Because of this the customers would reduce their impact on the environment although it saves money. IKEA is large enough to enjoy economies of scale. This lowers average costs in the long run through, for example, effective use of technology or employing expert managers. Economies of scale also give a business a competiti ve perimeter if cost savings are then conceded on to customers in the figure of lower prices. For the smaller companies entering into the market this puts up high Barriers to Entry (Appendix 2).Economic factors, part of PESTEL Framework (Appendix 3), can also be applied here as in tough times IKEA create an appeal amongst its customers as it provides low prices. When the retail sector is depressed it is better to low cost as much as possible. Consumers come with limited financial resources because of the IKEAs pricing strategy. Its products will also demand to those with higher budgets through good quality and design. The company must make sure that it is always recognized in the future as having lowest cost on the market. Communication plays an important role here. There is an overall threat to the performance of the business in UK and American markets due to global depression there is over rising of living costs and depleting disposable income.ConclusionWith hundreds of stores acr oss the world IKEA is a well known global brand. It must charge its external and competitive environment in order to improve performance. By this it can reveal the key opportunities and the threats it can deal with. IKEAs passion combines design, economical use of resources, low prices and responsibility for people and the environment. IKEA tries to go ahead of profitability and reputation. It develops a sustainable business (Appendix 1). This will make an enhanced daily life for its customers. IKEA has exposed a business truth- being sustainable and accountable is not just good for customers and the planet it is also excellent for business.A steady development of the IKEA retail business appears to be the focus for the company in the near future, with strategies unlikely to include aggressive expansion into new areas, but rather building and developing in old. (The United Kingdom, 2005). However development of e-commerce some changes may be seen. As IKEA is already assured that its products are of good quality and craftsmanship, the consumers may prefer to but its products through Internet. IKEA has also adopted an insistent expansion-based strategy more than the last few years, although the flaw of the external consumer market means that sales growth in excess of the next few years should remain relatively reserved.

Survey on Family life Essay -- essays research papers

Survey of Family LifeA social institution is an organized pattern of beliefs and behaviors centered on basic gentle needs. Family is a major social institution in our union that controls how children are brought up, and are taught how to behave and act in the world. It is a major support system, and a guide to be introduced into our society. In our Society today, when people are asked what a family is, thither are numerous different responses. Because of the media, people often associate what they gauge is a family is through their favorite television shows, books, and magazines. The problem with programs such as Family Ties, or the Cosby show is that they dont al ways portray or succeed realistic views. Through a survey given to ten random people at Merrimack College, I concluded that families differ in many ways whether its through marriage or divorce, decision making, and family unity. One type of family that is typically portrayed by the Media is the nuclear family. A nucle ar family is a hook up with couple and their unmarried children living together. From the nuclear family, many larger family groups can be formed. Demonstrated by my survey I found that the average nuclear family has about four members. My survey also showed that the amount of blood related siblings living in the same household was about two per family. Among the nuclear family there is also wide family, where relatives live in the same home as parents and their children. The results from my survey presented that not many people have extended family, but the extended family that does exist consists mainly of grandparents. There are advantages to the extended family over the nuclear family, such as more emotional, physical, and economical support for the family as a whole. In the television show Family Matters, extended family is demonstrated when the grandmother comes to live with Winslows. She was portrayed as a loving person who was always there to listen to her familys problems . In this case of the media, we see that extended family is properly used. In the United States, most people would prefer the nuclear family as their family arrangement, but studies show that only when one third of the population actually fulfills this model. Research has shown dramatic increase of divorce rates, and remarriages over the past 30 years. Through my survey taken at Merrimack College, results show ... ...estion that favored the female parent over the male was whose side of the family had preference over the other, and the results were mostly of matrilineal descent. Richardson, a feminist researcher, concluded that the family is the origination of a womens strength and I completely agree. The claim is in agreement with my survey seeing as how the mother is dominant in many aspects of family life. Along, with my conclusions with women being dominant in a family, I also acknowledged that the people who responded to my survey whose parents were divorced seemed to have a bitter outlook on their family life. They often used negative comments when answering if their kin was close or not, or who made decisions in the family. I believe that todays society is falling into a downward spiral of divorce, separation, and remarriages, and in most cases are effecting the nuclear family negatively. Family should be a support system in your life, and not looked upon negatively. In a forward direction, we see more egalitarian families emerging, and patriarchys declining. A family is in important social institution within our society and should be held highly within our kinship, and nuclear families.

Herman Melvilles Billy Budd - Innocence is More Important that Wisdom :: Billy Budd Essays

Herman Melvilles he-goat Budd - Innocence is More Important that Wisdom In billystick Budd, the author, Herman Melville, presents a question that stems directly from the original sin of ouAdam and Eve Is it better to be innocent and ignorant, tho good and righteous, or is it better to be experienced and intimate? Through this work, Billy Budd,Melville is telling us that we need to strike some kind of balance between these two ideas we need to have morality and uprightness we need to be in the world, but not of the world. To illustrate his theme, Melville uses a few characters who are all very different, the most important of which is Billy Budd. Billy is the focal point of the book and the single person whom we are meant to learn the most from. On the ship, the Rights-of-Man, Billy is a cynosure among his shipmates a leader, not by authority, but by example. All the members of the crew look up to him and love him. He is strength and beauty. Tales of his prowess are recited. As hore he is the champion, afloat the spokesman on every sufficient occasion always foremost(9). Despite his popularity among the crew and his hardworking attitude, Billy is transferred to another British ship, the Indomitable. And while he is accepted for his looks and happy personality, ...hardly here is he that cynosure he had previously been among those minor ships companies of the merchant marine(14). It is here, on the Indomitable that Billy says good-bye to his rights. It is here, also, that Billy meets John Claggart, the master-at-arms. A man in whom was the madness of an evil nature, not engendered by vicious training or corrupting books or licentious living but born with him and innate, in short a degeneracy according to nature(38). Here then, is presented a man with a personality and character to contrast and conflict with Billys. Sweet, innocent Billy immediately realizes that this man is someone he does not wish to cross and so after seeing Claggart whip another cr ew-member for neglecting his responsibilities, Billy resolved that never through remissness would he top himself liable to such a visitation or do or omit aught that might merit even verbal reproof(31). Billy is so good and so innocent that he tries his hardest to stay out of trouble. What then was his surprise and concern when ultimately he found himself getting into subaltern trouble occasionally about such matters as the stowage of his bag.