Using a UK retailer of your own choice, assess their Own Brand Essay

Using a UK retailer of your own choice, assess their Own Brand dodging - Essay ExampleThe retail business is highly related to the perception and preference of customers. Sainsburys in order to develop its grunge strategies has become completely customer oriented and has adopted strategies accordingly. The market persona of Sainsburys in the year 2011 first quarter is estimated to be around 16.5 percent (Shannon, 2011). The market view of Sainsburys is quite strong in London as well as South East. It is observe that the retail branding is generally a customer oriented approach. The five major atomic number 18as where Sainsburys has recognise growth were great food at great prices, greater number of complimentary food twine, reaching maximum customers by means of extra channels and increasing the space of supermarket along with industrious property management. These strategies have helped the retail store to sustain itself in the third position. Sainsburys possesses dickens formats of stores namely traditional super market stores and convenience stores (Li, 2008). The retail business strategy is different from the strategies of former(a) businesses. In this paper, the brand strategy in retail sector has been discussed. The paper seeks to discuss about the brand strategy of Sainsburys. The brand strategy developed by the company in their retail business enables it to take over more customer loyalty and this aspect has been highlighted in the paper. The importance of this strategy in fulfilling the necessity and forethought of customers has also been included in the paper. The paper also comprises of the relationship between services of the company and the need of customers. 2.0 Retail Branding The retail branding is considered as a well known concept in present scenario. The business in retail fabrication is growing rapidly and generating more chains of businesses. The branding of retailers is different from other product brands. The retail brandin g is generally multi-sensory and it is developed by focusing on the knowledge of consumers. The brand insure is adopted in different ways in this type of business. In the retail outlets there are various attributes that act as persuading factors for consumers such as quality of products, brands that are sold, services, appearance of store, the price level, behaviour as well as service of employees among others (Ailawadi & Keller, 2004). The business of retail industry is based on their variant towards the trends of society as well as taste of customers for new products. This adaptation generally influences more consumers. There is a chance of retail business to be eliminated from the society if it is unable(predicate) to fulfil the requirement of market. In this type of business, major focus is volunteerd towards the customers as they are directly link up to the product of the stores (Mansoory & Mehra, 2010). 3.0 Strategy of Sainsburys The brand of Sainsburys was essentially de veloped with an intention to provide customers with healthy, new-fangled, skillful and delicious foods. The company has focused towards various approaches before adopting strategies. Their main focus has been on quality, fair price, fresh food, innovative food and other product lines. Based on these aspects, the company developed its strategies to fulfil customers hope (J-Sainsbury, 2010). The strategy of the company is principally based on the five areas and based on this strategy, brand image is developed. It also provides emphasis on the five selected strategies so as to enhance their business and retain customers (J-Sainsbury, 2010). In the first strategy of great food at fair price the company has an intention to provide healthy, fresh, safe and tasty food and thus it has continued to make innovation in their product. These innovative products still them to be a leader in delivering the quality products at fair prices (J Sainsbury Plc, 2011). The main focus in this strategy is to provide extreme importance on

Business process mapping analysis for achiffa snack foods Essay

craft b rate single-valued function analysis for achiffa snack foods - Essay ExampleThe confederacy management has come across a cast of gaps within the mingled systems and trading operations associated with the production, logistics, supply and warehousing departments. The management had in the past focused on increasing the product line by adding new products to its portfolio, and did not stress on improvement and service. Presently, thither are a number of issues that are being faced the company on various fronts. at that place is an urgent requirement for changes in the facilities and the marketing fronts, customer handling, product pricing, product line system maintenance, encase and storing of products. The image of being a quick service and supply strand of Achiffa Snack foods has been diminished of lately, resulting in losses to the profit margins of the organization. With pressure to get back on track with better profit margins, it is judgment of conviction that t he Achiffa management thinks about implementing changes and improvements and devise a proper improvement strategy that focuses on enhanced operations and better customer satisfaction. SECTION 1 BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING ANALYSIS FOR ACHIFFA SNACK FOODS Business process mapping is related to identification of activities that are involved in the business of Achiffa Snack Foods. The process map clearly defines what the business does, the various procedures that are involved. The business process mapping of Achiffa clearly defines the various tasks involved throughout the whole supply chain of the company, from the order placement to the final delivery of the order to the customer. Business process mapping will help the company to identify where the gaps exist within the chain and which task needs more attention from the management and whether or not improvements can be do to the current process, (Kim 2006). Below is the business process mapping for Achiffa Snack Foods. The entire busin ess of the company is separate between six departments which are identified as below 1. Customer department This department is in charge of functions likes order generation and collecting payments from customers on time. 2. Sales Department This is pertain with maintaining the sales of the company at competitive levels. 3. Credit and Invoicing department This is concerned with the accounts of the entire business. 4. Production Control Department This is concerned with the production management of the products manufactured by Achiffa Snack foods. 5. Copying Department This is concerned with the production plan and warehousing and logistics scheduling of the final delivery product. 6. Assembly and Shipping This department is concerned with proper packaging, labeling and transferral of orders on time. PARETO ANALYSIS FOR ACHIFFA SNACK FOODS One of the recommended quality tools for Achiffa Snack food case study is the Pareto digest that has helped in identifying and solving the most common problems and concerns within the Achiffa

Sensory Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sensory Discrimination - canvass Examplee has no sensory discrimination H1 Steve has sensory discrimination Method In this experiment, we engage simple counts such as how many pieces of pizza were classified by the subject. The results were summarized in a 2 by 2 contingency table as shown below. The four numbers are a, b, c, and d, which are entered in the cells of the table according to the four categories. The total number of pieces of pizza which the subject can classify as Dominos Meatzza Feast or Pizza army hut Meat sports fans pizza is n= a + b + c + d From the table below we see that a total of a + c pieces of pizza were guessed decent while b + d pieces of pizza were guessed incorrectly. If the subject cannot distinguish mingled with Dominos Meatzza Feast and Pizza army hut Meat Lovers pizza then a and c should be small. Conversely, if the subject can tell the difference between the two pizzas, we expect a and c to be about the same. (Weaver, 2008) Guessed correctly Guessed incorrectly Total Dominos Meatzza Feast a b a + b Pizza Hut Meat Lovers pizza c d c + d Totals a + c b + d a + b + c + d (=n) According to pekan the probability of obtaining the values base above is given by the hyper geometric statistical distribution below (Deborah, 2000) The p-value is calculated in such a way that the margins of the table are fixed and, therefore, the respondant leave alone give guesses with correct numbers in severally category of the table. This leads to a null hypothesis of independence to a hyper geometric distribution of the entries in the cells of the contingency table. When apply the chi square in the analysis, the resemblance is not enough when sample sizes are small or if the data is really unequally distributed in the cells of the table. Therefore the cell counts have been predicted to be low. (Agresti, 2001) In this... The p-value is calculated in such a way that the margins of the table are fixed and, therefore, the respondent will gi ve guesses with correct numbers in each category of the table. This leads to a null hypothesis of independence to a hypergeometric distribution of the entries in the cells of the contingency table. When using the chi-square in the analysis, the approximation is not enough when sample sizes are small or if the data is very unequally distributed in the cells of the table. Therefore the cell counts have been predicted to be low.18 pieces of pizza were prepared--9 pieces of Dominos Meatzza Feast and 9 pieces of Pizza Hut Meat Lovers pizza. The pieces of pizza were presented to the respondent in a haphazard order. The respondents task is to identify the 9 pieces of Dominos Meatzza Feast and the 9 pieces of Pizza Hut Meat Lovers pizza, and he is informed of the design.ParticipantsThe participant in this study was Steve David. He claims to be able to tell the difference between Dominos Meatzza Feast and Pizza Hut Meat Lovers pizza since he runs a pizza store, and thus qualifies as an expe rt on the subject.The Fisher test is used with respect to the contingency table results. In this case, the test assesses what the expected frequencies will be if the null hypothesis is true. If there is no difference between Dominos Meatzza Feast and Pizza Hut Meat Lovers pizza guesses, one would expect that Dominos Meatzza Feast would have been guessed correctly six times.

Block diagram Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

catch diagram - Essay ExampleThe block digram of the YAMAHA DM1000 shown above can be divided into economic consumptional blocks as below 1) Analog inputs and outputs section. The input section has input conectors 1_16 with which to connect the microphone and line take aim sources, and 1_4 OMNI IN connectors though which line level sources are affiliated.SLOT(1_2) are used to offer AD/DA conversion and digital I/O interfaces.SLOT1 has 1-18 lines connected to the input patch. SLOT 2 has 1-18 also connected to the input patch( bus bar). Both slots are connected together to surround monitor. The sorround has a Pan function which places the sound image within a two-dimensional by using a multichannel playback system and so pans the image to the front, rear,left and right in relation (Collins 2011). The XLR connectors are wired in the sequence that follows evenfall1 to ground,pin 2 to hot(+) and pin 3 to cold (-). Inputs 1-16 accept line-level and microphone manoeuvres in the race -60dB to +40dB. These inputs have a switchable +48V powering for use with capacitance type microphones and the direct buses and the swiches turn the phantom power ON/OFF. The signal thusly passes through have a fit switches which attenuate it by 20dB and through rotary gain controls used to adjust input sensitivity which range from +40dB to -40Db when PAD is on and from -16dB to -60dB when its off. The signal passes through the AD which convert the analogue signal into digital form. guide signal indicators light up when the input signal level is 20 dB below the noun phrase value and the PEAK indicators light up when input signal level is 3dB below clipping. The signal is then(prenominal) passed to the INPUT PATCH via the connectors 1-16. 2) Input chanel section This iswhere the signal level and tone inputs are adjusted and roputed to carriage 1-8,Stero Bus,SOLO Bus and Aux Busses.The signal flows as follows The phase () section switches the phase of the input signals. Signal passes on to the admission which is a dynamic processor for gating or for ducking. The signal then pass through a metering unit. From here, its passed through a Compressor that has a dynamic processor used as a compressor,expander or limiter. It can be a pre-Equalizer, pre-fader or post fader. The signal then goes through the attenuator which attenuates or amplifies the signal to be feed to the Equalizer. The 4-band equalizer is parametric and features four band, i.e. high, high-mid, low-mid, and low and is connected to a metering unit. The signal the flows to the Input Delay that enables the signal to be delayed so as top fine tune the timing between take or as a delay effect with feedback. The On/Off switches allows for the channel to be dour on or off (mute). The Level adjusts the input level of the Input Channel signal (Collins 2011). The chisel in is used to patch input signals to external devices through the on-board I/O connectors or I/O cards or to insert the internal e ffect processors. The Meter switches the metering position of the signal levels that are then displayed on the meter page. The PAN section adjusts the settings of the signals routed from the input channels to the Stero Bus. The AUX Send level adjusts the level of the signals routed to Auxilliary come out of the closet 1-8 either from the pre-fader or from the post-fader. These Channel parameters are stored in the channel libraries as appropriate. 3) Input patching here the input signals presnt at the input ports 1-16, OMNI IN 1-4 and inputs to the SLOTS 1&2 are patched

New Techniques to Harness Energy of Sun Research Paper

New Techniques to Harness Energy of Sun - Research Paper ExampleThe paradox is the instability of oxide. The problem was overcome by using atomic layered deposition (ALD) technique that involves concealment semiconductor with a thin film of atoms as zinc oxide and titanium oxide. Cuprous oxide is inexpensive and wide available, this ALD technique gives complete impermeable layer. The process advances photo-electrochemical production of HydrogenDr.Grimes (2005) writes at Penn state, Research work is afoot(predicate) to harness solar energy with highly ordered arrays of titania nanotubes arrays that would produce hydrogen and at last lead to rising in solar efficiency. Its about exposing water with these arrays to sunlight, through the process of photolysis and UV illumination efficiency would be high almost 13% and result in more hydrogen against per photon. The purpose is to replace most used and depleting energy sources as petroleum through creating a replenish-able armoury of alternative energy.At the University of Utah (2007) physicists worked to convert heat into strait and then sound into electricity through formulating new devices. First, they developed new heat engines formerly called thermoacoustics prime movers and then transformed sound into index using piezoelectric (piezo for pressure). How does it work? These devices are addressed in resonators (cylinder shaped), that contains a pile of material and unplowed in between hot and cold heat exchanger. After heat is applied, it builds to the threshold with air producing sound at a single frequency, these waves squeeze the device and electrical voltage is produced. These devices require the flexibility of lamentable parts but they have a long life.Wood Angela(2008) studied that Photovoltaic or solar panels are most known these days due to the least operational cost. It uses silicon or whatsoever other similar material for chemical reaction with light results in a flow of currents that shadower be used or stored in the battery.

Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rime of the quaint Mariner - Essay ExampleIn this poem, the otherworldly world plays a role of punishing mariner as a result of his misdeed of killing albatross. Mariner did not have enough respect for the charming world when he killed the albatross thence the supernatural decision to punish him in combination with the natural world. As he is subjected to the rigors of the dehydration and aridness he is also revealed dreams of the natural world touched with the supernatural as the ocean turns to sickening and decomposition as well as spirits weaves through his vision.There is an interaction of the natural world which argon the poem characters and supernatural world. For the natural world, the Ancient Mariner, who is regarded as a kind of mysterious figure, the poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariners, deals with two distinct times. The time of voyage and the time of Mariner are retelling. The interaction of the natural and supernatural world that exists here is that at the time of voyage, the Mariner uses a crossbow instead of firearm and that his ship is give tongue to to be the first to sail into the Pacific Ocean. It is clear that Mariners fate is decided by a fomite of random chance and not just any kind of divine judgment. The Mariner acts this way in order to bring it out clear that he is more than just a natural world, therefrom kind of trying to compete with the supernatural worlds.For the spirits who comprised of the mysterious pole, spirits have some interaction with the natural world. The spirits resemble angles whereby in being wholly immaterial though have no regular place in Christian cosmology. These spirits are said to be the invisible being that are referred to as the epigraph to the poem. When mariner killed the albatross, he was punished by these spirits in essence that he failed to respect the supernatural world. These spirits in the poem act this way to demonstrate that, however, much one and only(a) may come to know about the phy sical world, the spiritual one is far much forth and different

COURSE REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

COURSE REPORT - Essay ExampleIn the writing of any work, acknowledgement of the source of material is necessary (Ng 93). Through the course teaching, I take aim come to have an in-depth understanding of how to cite in Modern Language Association (MLA) citation style. As a result, I was able to reflect on the mistakes I have made in former assignment and how I could have avoided them. Since personal interview is a source of information, which could be used in writing an essay, its coverage in the course, provided me with more knowledge.There are numerous forms of writing, contract essay existence included. The course gave an in depth analysis of writing intermediate level compressing contract essays. This was prerequisite in the formation of my strong base, which will be very helpful in handling some other levels of essays. In addition, the course gave an intensive coverage of grammar. This enhanced my sentence structure and word choice, which has continuously been reflected in m y writings. In writing of any piece of work, not all views on a subject/ mind are the same. As a result, it is usually necessary to take into consideration the opposing views, which usually take a leak a new dimension of looking into issues. Through the course training, I got an understanding on how I would effectively write an opposing view.The contribution of the course to my personal and professional development cannot be neglected. It change my grammar and citation proficiency as well as providing me with more knowledge on writing essays. As a result, I would to appreciate all persons who contributed to its successful delivery either directly or

Process of Economic Integration in the World Today Essay

Process of Economic integrating in the World Today - Essay ExampleThis paper presents a modern research calculate on different aspects of sparing consolidation in the world today. The prime purpose involved in the march of frugal integration offshoot is reducing costs both for the producers and the consumers as well. The increasing levels of integration help in determining the competitiveness and allowing smooth movement of labour, cost and cap.It can be affirm that the implementation of economical integration lessens the short-term profits due to the imposition of tariffs. Economic integration reduces the former(a) trade barriers as well. It gives less power to the government of the member nations to make necessary adjustments that might carry significant benefits to them.The process of economic integration in the context of E.U. generally includes four main bears. unitary of the features is that economic integration reflects increase in intra-euro area trade at large. The reciprocal ohm facet of economic integration can be identified to be making smooth and put out flow of capital and also contri only ifing towards developing the aspect of financial integration.The third feature of economic integration relating to its process is constituted by labour mobility. The some other facet of economic integration in relation to its process can be viewed as synchronism and coordinating different cyclical positions across the Euro areasIt can be apparently observed but deeper economic integration is needed for the creation of developed economy in this increased level of globalisation along with internationalisation.... These figures reflect the creation of strong Europe (European Central Bank, 2007). The second facet of economic integration can be identified to be making smooth and free flow of capital and also contributing towards developing the aspect of financial integration. Financial integration strengthens the economic mechanism, raises the compet ition and increases the potential for stronger economic growth. Along with economic integration, financial integration plays an imperative role in determining effective monetary policies and ensuring free along with effective transmission of single monetary policy. However, the veritable need of financial integration is being observed in retail banking sector (EUbusiness Ltd, 2013). The third feature of economic integration relating to its process is constituted by labour mobility. As the labour market begins to fasten itself in developing economies, absence of openness may result in generating the risks of wage pressure. In or so part of the European Union, it can be viewed that cross border labour mobility is still limited, restricting in developing the economy by a certain degree through the emergence of regulatory barriers. The other facet of economic integration in relation to its process can be viewed as synchronizing and coordinating different cyclical positions across the Euro areas (Kuroiwa, 2012). Purposes of Economic Integration In order to determine the purposes of economic integration, it can be apparently observed that economic integration has increased among the countries in the European Union, but deeper integration is needed for the creation of developed economy in this increased level of globalisation along with internationalisation. In this similar context, the prime

Relationship between Women and Early Cinema Essay

Relationship between Women and Early movie - Essay ExampleIt was said that films em proboscis a complex historical, cultural, and aesthetic relationship which the effect of severally result in the others development (Knopt 2005, p. 37). The cinema is hence not just a social dick that provides entertainment, but besides one in which the cultural and social aspects of society are reflected. It promotes intents and clamors for what must be geared for by people in general.It may be inferred that the cinema has a pretence of drawing card in which the audience is significantly drawn into. This attr lickion provides a relationship between the viewer and the film, in which a relationship between the cinema and its connection to the eras entertainments and expositions of technologies are highlighted (Strauven 1999, p. 121). What this concept implies is that there was indeed a cinema which offered viewers a specific pleasure, a pleasure characterized by different degrees - from the plot i tself to the dresses and garment of the cast. A cinema of attractions, like the early cinema, addresses the viewers directly and become the favord recipients of the pleasures. By its truly nature, narrative cinema relegates the viewer to the safe position of observer-voyeur (Strauven 1999, p. 121), in which the viewers are given the privilege to peek closely at the physical characteristics of characters, their motives, behavior, facial expressions, and even the manner of dressing. The film spectacle is thus an act of showing which presents sudden bursts of presentations created for pleasure of immediate vision-apparition (Strauven 1999, p. 122). This conception is grounded on the fact that the camera is able to turn back and conceive things and the world differently. It was posited that the machinery of cinema involves powers and qualities that allow it to become an attraction machine, in which attraction itself is a verifying idea that is enduringly present in its heart. Histo rians agree that during the first few decades of the cinema, a spectacular, direct, and exhibitionist model was created making it a vision machine that offer marvelous visions. It is clear that women and fashion were two superior elements in early cinema, existing hand in hand with each other as they impose new values among the viewers. There was no lead actress that dressed poorly unless her role asked for it, which eventually transforms her to a beautiful girl in high fashion. The women depicted were young ones, attributing to the important connection between callowness and eroticism and the corresponding cut of clothing necessary to reveal this eroticism. Looking good is essential in this pursuit in which it is necessary to cast beautiful women with beautiful bodies characterised with slim waists and large breasts which early cinema was accounted for. As we have posited that the cinema in general provides observation and voyeurism, a beautiful face and body are hence important ingredients of these aspects, in which fashion and good dressing are likewise conducive factors. The cinema affects the viewed in a sense that it tends to promote all these aforementioned which the viewers easily suck and create as a form of fashion style. Certain approaches to courtship, dating and sex are also promoted by the cinema as a form of mass media affecting the habits and values of people in its usage of beautiful erotic bodies and equally good dressing of women characters. Eroticism is the

Puritan Settlement in New England in the 17th Century Research Paper

prude Settlement in sweet England in the 17th Century - Research Paper ExampleRobinson 2005). This essay will examine Puritan situatement in New England in the 17th century asking the following questions Who were the Puritans? W present and why did they settle in the New World? What type of settlements did they create? What was their effect on the newly emerging rude? The Puritans were position followers of the French religious reformer, John Calvin (Bremer 1995 Bunker 2010). In the 16th and 17th centuries, England (indeed, all(a) of Europe), had been involved in fierce battles over religion, most particularly the supremacy and legitimacy of the Catholic Church. Wars deep down and between countries over this burning conflict whose fire was continuously rekindled by the sparks from myriad particular events were customary until the 18th century. Arguably, the peak of the confrontation in Britain occurred with the English Civil War from 1642-51, which saw the regicide of King C harles I by the Parliament (which was essentially under the influence of the Puritans), the establishment of a republican Commonwealth in effect under Puritan rule, and the re-establishment of the Monarchy under James II in 1660. The term Puritan was ab initio meant as an insulting term, but was later embraced by the English Calvinist Protestants (Bunker 2010 Heyrman 1991). Puritan referred not to honourable priggishness (cf. Robinson 2005), but to being sticklers with regard to religious doctrine. They were called Puritans those who disagreed with the Religious Settlement proclaimed by nance Elizabeth I in 1559, as being not reformed enough from the Popish practices of Catholicism with its rituals, hierarchy, and ghostly intermediaries (Bremer 1995). The Puritans believed that God had commanded the reform of both church and society. They condemned drunkenness, gambling, theatergoing, and Sabbath-breaking. They denounced popular practices rooted in pagan custom, like the solemn isation of Christmas, and deplored the corruptions of Roman Catholicism that still pervaded the Church of England churches and ceremonies they thought too elaborate, and clergymen who were poorly educated (Heyrman 1991). The Puritans were not set by mere doctrinal purity, but by a sincere belief that the millennium, or rarity of the world, was near, and that they must prepare for Christs return by building his Church and society here on Earth (Zakai 1994). Puritanism became a strong force in England (indeed, throughout Europe), with many powerful members of English society, including Members of Parliament, aristocrats, and middle class merchants as adherents (Bunker 2010). Equally, if not more(prenominal), powerful members of English society, including the Monarchy, were against the movement (Bremer 1995). Importantly, most Puritans did not call for themselves as separate from the Church of England, but rather as a reforming force within the English Church. As such, Puritanism was not a denomination, and in fact many Presbyterians, Quakers, and Congregationalists were part of the Puritan movement (Bremer 2010). aft(prenominal) the death of Queen Elizabeth, the Puritans unsuccessfully tried to persuade the new King James to implement more than 30 changes in the Church to take it down a more Puritan path. This Millenary asking was rejected, except for the request to translate the Bible into English (Bunker 2010). Without hope of reforming the English Church from within, and with the expected orgasm of Christ

Proposal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposal - Term Paper ExampleOur people and years of experience in the market necessitate made us an organization of choice. Our extensive network with major health service providers battens that our customers bear comprehensive health care services. Access Mortgage Company potful definitely take avail from our extensive range of products and services. Besides we are also im expounding to produce the additional services of mental counseling as hygienic as substantive iniquity replacement with minimum costs. At a total cost of $125 per employee per month, Access Mortgage Company can enjoy both of these benefits to a fault getting the regular services of our company. Introduction Caring and providing for healthcare of the employees is oneness of the lift out investments organizations do in order to ensure that employees remain healthy and motivated. Psychological counseling as well as rehabilitation of the employees are some of the steps which can ensure that the employe es are provided the requisite level of support by the organization to remain productive and constructive not only for the organization but for the society as a whole. Psychological counseling as well as the providing help in rehabilitating the employees against substantive abuse is one of the key issues which an organization has to handle. Increasing pressure and stress level can really put a lot of pressure on the employees and can result into low productivity as well as irritating behavior. Offering professional help in such circumstances therefore can serve as one of the key steps towards ensuring the rehabilitation of the employee. United Health Group is one of the diversified health and well creation company crack diversified range of services including insurance plans. United Health Group offers these services through its subsidiary with the name of UnitedHealthCare. UnitedHealthCare and Optium are two of the best services in the country offering advance level healthcare s ervices including insurance plans to ensure that every American has access to quality healthcare. In order to achieve this aim, we also partner with contrasting organizations to offer custom made insurance plans which can cater to the different needs of the organization. This proposal will present details about our Company and what kind of products and services it can offer you to comprehensively offer your employees the option of psychological counseling and substantive abuse rehabilitation. History of the Company & Competitive Landscape UnitedHealthCare is part of United Health Group Inc, one of the leading and diversified groups offering health and well being related services across US. Established in 1977, UnitedHealthCare has evolved over the period of time and is now offering insurance plans to individuals as well as small and middle sized employers. Managed by approximately, 30,000 employees, company have been able to develop market for itself and have served as a cost effec tive alternative for individuals and firms to make quality healthcare. (Hoovers) The overall competitive landscape suggests that the rising cost of healthcare has made it almost compulsory for Americans to go for medical and health

The Decrease in the APE, a Decrease in the ASF and a Sudden Rise in Essay

The Decrease in the APE, a Decrease in the ASF and a Sudden wind in GDP Demonstrated Graphically - Essay ExampleA exact shock - die in APE In the draw above, we account the effect of a fall in APE. The fast response from businesses is to wait to see if the APE returns to its initial height. When it does not, the output-price adjustment process is initiated which leads to falling prices, output, employment and internet until the equality between GDP, ASF and APE is restored.The fall in output and employment however will uphold until prices and cyberspace return to their initial levels. Next consider the impact of a decline in ASF. The initial funding adjustment will manifest in the form of a sharp opening in gratify rates. Figure 2 Impact of fall in ASF - money and credit caused recession The avocation output-price adjustment process like the earlier case will involve drops in output, employment, interest rates, prices and profits until GDP=ASF=APE. Output and employment w ill continue to fall until profit and prices cut stand up to their initial levels. At the end of the coordination procedure, output and employment will be down while interest rates will be up but prices and profits will be restored to their initial levels. Finally, consider the impact of a rise up in GDP. The initial impact will be a rise in interest rates. Then, as the producers react to insufficient demands, output and employment will fall back to the initial levels. But this situation will lead to a demand caused recessionary scenario which stimulates the coordination procedure exposit in the first case in this chapter. ... The APE line shifts out leading to excess demand which in turn leads to a rise in interest rates. However, since ASF is unresponsive to interest rate changes, this rise in interest rates will have no impact on ASF and i continues to rise until it reaches i1 which signifies the new equilibrium interest rate since at this rate, the entire rise in APE is cr owd out and we once more have the equality. The opposite mechanism would have been triggered in case of a negative shock to APE hitting the system. This is shown in the diagram below. Figure 5 Thus, we see that a shock to APE only leads to a movement in the interest rate in the homogeneous direction while GDP, employment and prices atomic number 18 left unchanged. Thus, the classical doctrine implies that interest rates are flexible enough to accommodate for any shocks to APE such that movements in the interest rate absorbs the wax brunt of the shock and GDP, employment and prices are left unchanged. Next, consider the impact of a shock to ASF. This is shown in the diagram below. Figure 6 In this case it is actually the price level that responds while all former(a) aspects remain the same. Interest rates change initially but they are restored back to the initial levels as price adjustments take place and the ASF line is restored to its original state. It is pertinent to note that imbalances between the aggregate demand and supply of output was assumed to be cured entirely through price adjustments since the classical economists believed that businesses well-kept a particular level of output and profits which remained fixed so that whenever this level of output exceeded or fell short of funded demand, price adjustments would take place which increased or curtailed the

Movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Movie review - Essay ExampleThe twain characters, Octavia Spencer and Viola Davis give a distinguished performance as maids and rack the entire audience sympathy. Since this is a feminist tale, all the male actors are invisible. Most of the women are on the right side of arguments displaying gallantry and boldness while those on the wrong side are poor, timid and deluded bastards. Allison Janey plays Skeeters mother, the only three-dimensional character in this play, a core part of the redemption story and a truly abstruse figure. The moving picture gives a glance at the treatment African-Americans received back in the 1960s when their rights had no value in the American Society.This film is in tandem with the USs current produce of affairs in the political arena. The fight between the right and wrong, Obama as the first black hot seat and the same Southern fundamentalists racism today respectively, are vivid truths to the viewers. Unlike the 1960s audience, it invites the toda ys audience to support the right course and shun racism. Despite the few flaws in the movie, it is a neat inspiration for blacks and whites living in the USA to rise above the pettiness of skin colour and excoriate racism.As directed by Steve McQueen, the film offers an insight into the mistreatment that the slaves received. Chiwetel Ejiofor deserves Oscar award for his stunning performance in 12 Years a Slave, a fascinating, engrossing movie about the era of slavery in America. The movie is a realistic reflection and engaging throughout. One of the clear depictions of slavery, Ejiofor, and Lupita, have demonstrated phenomenon and sterling performances with Michael Fassbender intelligibly standing out. Excellence and amazing cinematography from Sean Bobbit and a thrilling script by John Ridley greatly marries the modern orchestrated work with contemporary tunes underscoring the emotions. The film gives a deeper reflection of inhumane slave treatment. It

Review the United States v. Lopez case, and write a case brief Study

Review the United States v. Lopez , and write a skeleton - Case Study ExampleLater on, Lopez was arrested and charged for possessing a gasolene in a school. secrete The impact of the 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act, which forbids individuals from knowingly carrying a gun in a school zone, on the occupation Clause. Is the Act unconstitutional? Does the Congress exceed its power to legislate down the stairs the Commerce Clause? retentivity Yes, the Congress is exceeding its power. Caring a gun in a school is an offence under criminal law, and does not interfere interstate commerce or any other economic activity. Lopezs conviction has been reversed by the courtroom of Appeal, and affirmed by the United States Supreme Court. Rationale The Court found that there was no obvious and direct association between the act of possessing a gun in a school and commerce as an economic activity. The court found no connection between 18 U.S.C. 922(q) and the Commerce Clause, which does have limits.

Similarities and differences of Domestic Human Resources and Essay

Similarities and differences of Domestic Human elections and Multinational Human Resource policies and practices - Essay casey The third step would entail the differences surrounded by the ii The fourth step would comprise of the evaluating mind The final will provide a conclusion and sum up of general report and the teaching out have it away from the entire work. Defining the two concepts Prior to defining the two major types, it is important sagaciousness and defining the generic manner and purpose for which human choice operations are undertaken. Human option practices have been in voyage ever since there crept in a realization for the rights of workers and improving the over each(prenominal) working environment that would facilitate more benefits to the organization in terms of profits, customers relationship and employees well world (Ehnert, et al., 2013, 119). While each associates to handling and manoeuvring of the manpower and the resources at hand, the two differ with regard to their scope, applicability, resources, practices and outputs desired. These differences may come up in a tangible or intangible manner. Differences between the two modes of Human Resource Management practices Tangible Differentiating factors Apart from the scope of each, there are certain specific and tangible differences between the two kinds of human resource practices (Regis, 2008, 163). Multinational practices entail involvement of more than two partners. These partners are about across different set of region and geographical locality. Extent of cluster The take aim of subsidiaries between the two icons differ in number with international resources involving more complex outlook and more extended subsidise pattern. Geographical consideration The geographical consideration and factor is of value and distinction between the two forms, for multinational human resource practices, it is vital to understand and implement... Trainings are an essential component of t he global Human resource management processes. Without it any mission is bound to fail based on the lack of experience and primary knowledge. Training allows equipping ones self and mind towards the upcoming challenges, new scenarios, and new circumstance and this in turn, enables successful operations. Investing more in the training domain and providing training on all fronts ranging from technical to non and physical to psychological will help to save a lot of time and property that is otherwise spent on processes that may not yield any substantial output. It is the key and secluded to the success of productive global HRM strategies and outcomes. All the major organizations that are operating at mass level across multiple countries and continents have training techniques and procedures in practice that allow the accomplishment of goals in the virtually desired manner.

Questions for Dr.Faustus Essay Example for Free

Questions for Dr.Faustus EssayEssay Questions for Doctor Faustus First complete draft, following MLA format, due Tuesday, Nov. 22. Be sure to have citations and a work cited. Dont forget that with poe canvas (some of Faustus is poetry, some is prose), you put act, scene, and flexure numbers in citations (4. 3. 19-22). You also put slash marks between lines. For example, here is a subdivision from Act 4, scene 4, lines 100-101 of the play Faustus. Whats here, an linger to betray my life? skill. Base peasants, stand Then Faustus, try thyIf I quoted this in my paper I might put it like this When soldiers approach Faustus, he says, Whats here, an ambush to betray my life? / Then Faustus, try thy skill (4. 4. 100-101). 1 . Can Faustus be both a hero and a villain? Guilty and good? Is there evidence in the text to contribute these views? 2. Discuss the theme of forbidden friendship. What type of knowledge does Faustus want and why? 3. Discuss the themes of free bequeath and pre destination in the play. Is Faustus predestined to damnation? Why or why not?Is there a point of no return in Faustuss progress toward damnation? 4. The quest for forbidden knowledge commonly leads the hero to corruption and a fall. How does Faustuss quest degrade him? How does he use his new power and knowledge? 5. What is the purpose of the sequence in the Popes palace? How is the Pope a double for Faustus? 6. Doctor Faustus is considered a tragedy. In Poetics, Aristotle proposes the classical definition of tragedy a drama with a hero. According to his definition, would you consider Faustus a tragical hero?Does he have heroic qualities? What is his tragic flaw? Do you pity Faustus? Does his downfall sex terror? 7. According to Dr. Arnold Schmidt of Vanderbilt University, Marlowes story illustrates the Renaissances prevalent belief that art should teach and delight, that is, be entertaining objet dart simultaneously presenting a moral. In an essay discuss the following questio ns. Do you see Doctor Faustus as an art form that both teaches and delights the audience while simultaneously presenting a moral? Why or why not?

Constitutional purpose and other uses of U.S. Census Essay Example for Free

Constitutional purpose and opposite uses of U.S. Census EssayPolitical index finger and the respective share of every(prenominal) state of matter of the federal bullion are simply the Constitutional purposes of Census in the United States ( dough, 2009). These are the underlying reasons why for every ten eld, the government mails the citizens with Census forms to fill out with their personal information of circumstances. Under an original mark which is just to have a correct or exact count and record of the American population, the U. S. enumerate now signifies its importance in determining the number of congressional districts. Beyond the Congressional purposes of the Census, it is its practical uses to mints daily living that ultimately signify its value to the nation. In footing of re-appointment of the members of House of lessons, Cole further explains that it is under the Constitution that numerate affects or determines the respective circumstances of each state. Census oddly manifests which states gain or lose Congressional seats. Simply put, Cole states that the nosecount determines how many House of exercise Members you will have representing your district in Washington D. C. (Cole, 2009, p. 1). This is where Census Congressional purpose of political power is shown. This is because if the population of one state decreased based from the last census, one or more Representative member is removed from a specified state. On the same token that a particular state reflected relevant increase during the last census, then additional member represents the said state. Hence, the population of one state, as what the Census reflects, establishes if such area requires of being redrawn after showing an increase or loss in the areas population (Cole, 2009).Aside from the said Congressional purposes of the U. S. Census, there are at least(prenominal) five practical ways to use such gathering of information. Of the five primary objectives of the cens us, its three nigh important uses include the following. First is to count the countrys population including the number of American households. The min important use of the census is it is a way to collect data and to create information in order for both the federal government and the states to come up with rational budget.Another use of the census is its power to create information which serves various social entities such as the branches of economy, education, research, business and other probative components of the nation (Uses of Census Data, n. d. ). While a bigger part of the information provided by the public to the census is eventually kept secret for the next 72 years, the valuable pieces of information are used. This condition holds accepted especially during instances in the daily lives of the people.For instance, census is very important to the general public in terms of using the collected data in a number of fields or disciplines that are world-shattering to peopl e. In fact, census is applied to personal experience of an individual. Just like in my case, census turn out to be valuable in three aspects. One, I used the information given by the census when I decided that there is a need to change the place of my resident. Census also do me decide what field of learning to choose depending on the state of employment and the value of wage per vocation in a particular location.I likewise was able to make use of census when I looked for a place that became the best suitable area where I opened my business few years back.ReferencesCentral Bureau of Statistics. (n. d. ). Uses of Census Data. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http//www. cbs. gov. il/w/censusshtml/UN-SSI41795192. shtml Cole, L. (2009). Census Records and the Constitution. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/1905082/census_records_and_the_constitution_pg2. html? cat=37

Qualities Important in Becoming an Officer in the United States Army Essay Example for Free

Qualities Important in Becoming an Officer in the United States Army EssayI hold outt hope any i could argue that it takes a good amount of leadership in order to become a made United States Military Academy cadet, as well as an incumbent in the United States Army. This is or so certainly one of the first things someone would look for in a soused officer. A strong leader can impact his soldiers in various ways. If your soldiers dont stand behind you, and dont have faith in you, they are more prone to disagree with or disobey your orders. Aside from leadership, a USMA cadet should be able to easily demonstrate self-assertion. What good is an officer who knows what must be through with(p), tho cannot effectively stand in front of his soldiers and tell them what guides to be done? As an officer in the Army, there depart be numerous times where you will need to speak to groups of soldiers of varying sizes.Whether its something as simple as giving a safety brief, or somet hing more all-important(a) such as a mission briefing, you will need to have confidence in yourself in order to accomplish this. A USMA cadet should also have integrity, which happens to be one of the s even off army values as well. I define integrity as doing the right thing, even when you think no one is watching. Lacking integrity in the civilian world is one thing, unless in the military it is incredibly more dangerous as it could result in the death of dandy soldiers or even yourself. For example if youre on guard for the night and decide that you would rather take up up on your sleep, you are endangering yourself along with all your battle buddies.A successful Army officer is also going to benefit from having a willingness to learn. Although West Point will have done its very best to prepare you for the duties of an officer, there is only so much you can learn from a classroom environment. While a brand unexampled 2nd Lieutenant Platoon Leader may excel a Sergeant First Class, there is still a vast amount of knowledge that the new Lieutenant can pick up from that E7. In my short time in the Army I have noticed that the young Lieutenants are al approximately always willing to take advice from their senior noncommissioned officers. another(prenominal) important quality in an Army officer is survivery. Even if you are not dowery in a combat MOS, you never know when you will be required to be brave You also need to have the courage to stand up for what you believe in, and for what you know to be right.Another quality that will keep your soldiers on your side is homage. If you cant stay loyal to your soldiers, they will not have as much motivation to stay loyal to you. That also ties into the obvious loyalty to your country that is required of any military member. There are so many integral qualities and ethics that are required of an officer in the Army. Unfortunately I am restricted with the length of this essay, but I have tried to highlight what I believe to be some of the most important values that should be deep inside all officers. Without values and morals your character will most likely be lacking and who would want to follow you at that point?

Advanced Practice Nursing Role Essay Example for Free

Advanced Practice Nursing Role Essay well(p)ness maestros like nurses have a chance to go for autonomy in the treat move which is beyond the practice of being a staff nurse. Various pathways for advanced specialization in nursing career have been established for the past few decades. This expansion of responsibilities and vision as a wellness professional helps nurses to fulfill growth as professional and as a person. Among the advanced practice nursing subroutines, the informant deeply prefer Family Nurse Practiti unmatchedr specialized in cardiology.This exit help her utilize skills in nursing science and as a health care specialist with a twist on promotion of health of the cardiovascular system. Creative APN Role in Health Promotion The author has chosen the field of family nursing practician because of the challenges and roles that it holds. The current responsibilities of the family nurse practitioner posts promising own(prenominal) as well as professional gro wth on the field of the health care industry.The advance practice nursing role of family nurse practitioner is composed of different skills which pertains to the areas of management skills of community health nursing, forbearing care, native care, intervention on the desired population, and it also deals with community mind and actions regarding the said assessment. It focuses on promotion of health and healthy living, avoidance of degenerative diseases, and the supervision of the illnesses in different ages, both degenerative and acute. (UTA 2008)The author has chosen a specialized field in cardiology because in reference to the data given by the Centers for Diseases chair and Prevention for 2005 Death data table C, the guide cause of death in the United States is cardiovascular associate. According to the statistics, 652, 091 deaths were related to midsection problems (CDC 2008). The stated data poses a major concern that there is a very big problem related to cardiovascul ar disorders. In relation to this, the author envisions to help in solving this problem via the career chosen by the author.The family practice nursing with a specialization in cardiology will help the author contribute in building the foundations of a society with healthy cardio vascular systems. Among the probable setting that the author hopes to practice the stated advanced practice nursing role is in the Christ Hospital. It was established for more(prenominal) than 115 years and it was well cognize to be one of the leading hospitals which continue to promote, plan and innovate for the healthy future of the kingdom. It was noted as one of the best medical exam institution in the United States for the last few decades consistently.The setting includes 555 beds with more than 1200 physicians and holds the most advanced and forward-looking technology for health care. It is a not-for-profit acute care facility which is manage by the highly skilled specialists that has great pa ssion for health care. It focuses on the services for major surgery, orthopedics, cardiovascular care and other(a) related fields (Christ Hospital 2008). The competencies demand for this job ranges from clinical expertness to social relationship within the community.It requires expertise in retrieving records for the data regarding the health, medical history, psychosocial and family records. Ability to conduct physical examination, for the health problems related to the acute and episodic phases are inevitable as well as the ability to interpret the laboratory findings. Provide health assessment to the visited areas or perseverings and to arrange referrals to other health professional. It is also required to have a noesis on developing and implementing plans for the supervision of problems in the acute and episodic problems of the assessed in and out patients.In the competencies required to assess patients also include ability to enclose screening evaluation for the cardiovas cular health and other relevant information regarding it, distinguishes between normal and abnormal change. Evaluate the pressure of the family or psychosocial factors on patient sickness, situations related to developmental delays and learning disabilities in all ages, reproductive health of both women and men, sexual health, pregnancy, and postnatal care, assess some problems like substance abuse like drugs.Performs and accurately documents appropriate comprehensive or symptom- focus physical assessment on patients of all ages. Recognize health and cardiovascular risk factors of patients of all ages and families in all coiffures of the family life cycle. Demonstrates proficiency in family assessment show proficiency in functional assessment of family members. Assesses specific family health needs within the context of community assessment especially the ones that is related to the cardiovascular diseases.Identifies and plans interventions to promote health with families at risk of boob disease (NONPF 2002). Diagnosing of health status focused on the health of heart is also needed, the following competencies are required. Recognize signs and symptoms of acute physical heart disease across the life span. Recognize signs and symptoms of chronic cardiovascular disease across the life span. Evaluates and summarizes smooth data for patients of all ages.Plans complete differential diagnoses, with relevance to the epidemiology, environmental and community characteristics, this also includes life stage development and the arrangement seen with increasing age, family, and heart risk factors (NONPF 2002). Upon diagnosis of the members with cardiovascular or heart related diseases. The planning caring and management of the treatment of the disease will proceed which requires a lot of competencies indicated below.It is required for the nurse to have abilities to provide health information for protection, health promotion, formulate strategies for the intervention and prevention of the cardiovascular diseases which aims in improving the cardiovascular system of the family, requires a knowledge on how to treat acute and chronic of cardiovascular diseases in all ages to minimize the risk of developing complications and increase quality of living, prescribe neat medication for the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, adapts care for to meet the needs of the at-risk patients, evaluate the effectiveness of the plan in relation to the plans make for the at-risk group. Assist the members of the family of the cardiovascular disorder patient, provide referrals to the health care professionals that cannister support the treatment of the heart disease, and apply the study regarding the idea that is family centered and can supply positive change in the health of the family.Family or Population Health Promotion Theories Models The family nurse practitioner specialized in the cardiology focuses on promoting health in relation to individual level and the family level. The health promotion guess that is suitable for the family nurse practitioner in the individual level is the Health Belief Model which focuses on the persons recognition of the likely risk and the evaluation of the actions that would prevent the problem from occurring again. In this case, the authors future interaction with individuals who are at-risk to cardiovascular diseases will give her chance to use the said model in promoting the health information.Upon approaching, an at-risk patient, the author will be discussing the perceived susceptibility of the subject to cardiovascular diseases and the initial reaction of the patient will more likely to be curios. The next part is the explanation of the perceived severity and the possible consequences of the CVD in the patient the next step is to discuss with the patient the possible benefits of positive action. In such case, the patient will soon realize the benefits of the perceived action. And will arrive eventua lly on the induction that the patient should consider on performing the perceived actions that could give benefits. The author also considers another theory of which the community level is involved.The community organization is theory which focuses the involvement of the members of the community in evaluating health problems. Upon interaction within community sites, the author will soon be empowering these families in relation to the participation in campaigns for heart related problems. The participation of the community and the relevance of the selected issue to the problem of the community like the cardiovascular diseases will greatly enhance the active development of the community. The most important activity that the author can do is the critical consciousness that she will be spreading in the community (HPA 2008). Agency and financing of APN PracticeThe Christ Hospital will be the institution where the author hopes to apply in the untainted future it was the medical establis hment that was considered in this paper. It was established for more than 115 years and it was well known to be one of the leading hospitals which continue to promote, plan and innovate for the healthy future of the region. It was noted as one of the best medical institution in the United States for the last few decades consistently. The setting includes 555 beds with more than 1200 physicians and holds the most advanced and sophisticated technology for health care. It is a not-for-profit acute care facility which is supervised by the highly trained specialists that has great passion for health care.It focuses on the services for major surgery, orthopedics, cardiovascular care and other related fields (Christ Hospital 2008). The mission of the Christ Hospital is to lead the region in giving the excellent experience in health care especially the personalized one while forwarding clinical excellence, technology and education. The role that the author will be holding will help the inst itution in a way of providing personalized health care especially in the cardiology patients. The authors expertise will also help the institution in advancing clinical excellence especially in the field of cardiology. The role will be financially supported by the hospital or allied services institutions relating to cardiology.In the specific case, the Christ Hospital will be responsible for the financial support of the role. The nurse practitioner in the said institution is included in the employee pay. Some stakeholders that can support the role are the health related institutions, hospitals, clinics, nurse organizations and cardiology specialty centers. The role of family practice nurse practitioner goes beyond the limits of a staff nurse which will promote personal and professional growth. The specialization in cardiology will greatly help in the regression of cardiovascular disease cases in the United States. Thus the APN role stated above will surely benefit not only the autho r but also the society at large.

Native Americans in the United States and Thanksgiving Essay Example for Free

primeval Americans in the United States and grace of God EssayThe American image of Thanksgiving is much different from the historical facts. The American vision is a greathearted quick celebration with umteen people sitting around a long, wooden table. This, sadly, is not historically unblemished at all. In this essay I will explain the current Americans Thanksgiving story as well as the historically accurate version. Today, Thanksgiving in America consists of big family gatherings, plentiful food, and giving thanks. One of the more obvious differences between the current Thanksgiving and the maiden on is the food. Today, everyone has an electric oven to bake breads, pies, and cakes.In the early American days electricity had not been invented yet. This meant that cooking warmheartedness was long, tedious, and over a fire. The early pilgrims and Native Americans had no way to bake all the foods we have today. In the earlier days, the people would hunt their food. The o utgrowth Thanksgiving probably consisted of wild turkey, deer, fowl, and fish. This is very different from the big, farm-raised, boughten turkeys that sit on our tables today. If you ask any elementary student, they will describe Thanksgiving as many happy pilgrims and Indians around a big table with plenty of food to go around.This, again, is incorrect. The Native Americans and pilgrims were quite an hostile during this time. Several pilgrims had died by cause of disease and malnutrition. Many of the Native Americans had also been killed off because of Indian raids from the pilgrims. Some fragments of the current Americans story of the first Thanksgiving are correct. The famous Native American, Squanto did help the pilgrims learn how to APUSH APUSH Unit 1 Essay plant food. He was there, helping create pink of my John between the two groups of people. The pilgrims were very thankful for Squanto and his help, as we give thanks today.The meal eaten at the first Thanksgiving was sim ilar to the Thanksgiving meal we eat today, with few differences. They ate wild turkey, along with separate hunted meat and vegetables. The differences between the Americans view of the first Thanksgiving and the historically accurate version are abundant. The pilgrims and Native Americans were very hostile toward each other at the time of the first Thanksgiving. Food was not as plentiful as it seems. There were far less people than supposition at the first Thanksgiving due to disease, malnourishment, and Indian raids.

Resourcing talent Essay Example for Free

Resourcing talent EssayThe aims and objectives of this report are to identify factors affecting an governing bodys approach to enticeing talent explain the benefits of attracting and retaining a several(a) make believeforce describe factors affecting institutional approach to enlisting and selection set in examples of enlisting and selection methods explain the purpose of induction and flow a sample induction plan 2. ATRACTING TALENT 2. 1. 4 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN brass sectionS orgasm TO ATTRACTING TALENT An governing bodys ability to attract talent from outside depends on how potential difference applicants glance the troupe, the sector in which it operates and its culture. This is why BRAND IDENTITY seems to be superstar of the most important factors influencing an organisations approach to attracting talent. The top-notch candidates impart al shipway ask whats in this for me? Unless(prenominal) a barter is a brand unfermented start-up, theyre plausibly to hav e an active reputation as an employer whether this is intentional or not. Given that potential clean employees make decisions approximately joining based on this impression, it pays to define a strategy to make sure the right (and real) messages are being heard. (http//www. pageexecutive.com/insights/talent-attraction-through-employer-branding). WORKFORCE PLANNING which is company likely needs for talent is another very important factor. An organisations approach to attracting talent is stubborn by its workforce planning (WFP). This means predicting organisation workforce requirements by taking into account existing skills, arraying and drivement, retention, career progression, staff turnover, external factors like sparing climate, demographics, working patterns, and most importantly the regard and supply in effort market.Organisations need to have strategic approach to attracting talent and need to figure the importance of investment in human capital. Talent strategy m ust be as remainder to corporate strategy as possible. SIZE OF ORGANIZATION A sm all(prenominal) organization cannot have like staffing practices which a large organization may have it may not be able to attract highly talented staff. Even if it tries to do so it may increase the staffing cost. TYPE OF TALENT THE ORGANISATION IS LOOKING FOR is a very important factor in organisations approach to attracting potential employees.For example the level of staff required will determine the recruitment pussy, low level squad members will be easy to prevail locally whilst to find a senior manager or a director a company may have to resource internationally. Other factors influencing a companys talent counseling are type of product/services the company is delivering, recruitment tools/methods easy, the labour market, national as well as international, legal factors, socio-culture factors or political influences. 2. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON TALENT MANAGEMENT HR professionals have a v ery important procedure in talent management.They have to image the 4 areas of talent management which are attracting, developing, managing and evaluating talent. In the current uncertain economic climate strategic approach to talent management is even more important than ever before. 3. A diverse WORKFORCE 3. 1. 3 ORGANISATION BENEFITS OF ATRACTING AND RETAINING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE Diversity is the art of sentiment independently together Publisher Malcolm Forbes People need to be treated differently in ways that are fair and tailored to their needs but in ways that are aligned to business needs and objectives (The business case for diversity).There are many advantages of a respective(a) workforce WIDENS THE recruitment POOL ACAS points out that the working generation is getting older therefore people from different pagan ethnic backgrounds are entering the workforce. REDUCES LABOUR TURNOVER looking at the UK labour market in the last 10 years, foreign workers are more mot ivated to work for lower salaries than people reinforcement permanently in the UK. They tend to stay in a project for long mainly collect to their financial commitment to families living abroad. GIVES GOOD CORPORATE REPUTATION and this helps to attract talent.Organizations with high level of diverse workforce are valued by many people e. g. large supermarkets by having a diverse workforce on the shop floor help international customers to communicate with staff in their avouch languages. Other benefits of a diverse workforce include its a key to fostering new ways of thinking, opens up a wealth of possibilities and helps to encourage creativity and foster innovation, gives bias-free people policies and working practices, helps to develop new products and practices, opens up new markets and provides due diligence againstdiscrimination claims. 3. 2. CIPD POINT OF VIEW ON DIVERSE WORKFORCE Recognizing and valuing diversity is crucial to good people management practice. HR practition ers have important role in creating inclusive workplace. CIPD advises to companies to go beyond legal compliance with anti-discrimination laws and create diversity strategy or they will become less attractive to potential employees. familiarity diversity strategy needs to delay business objectives and strategies. 4. RECRUITMENT AND picking 4. 1. 3 FACTORS THAT AFFECT AN ORGANISATIONS APPROACH TO RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONRecruitment and selection is the process of having the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It should be abnormal by current needs as well as future plans (see workforce planning, page 3). angiotensin-converting enzyme of the factors that can affect an organizations approach to recruitment and selection is the EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES LEGISLATION. Companies should plug that they need account of equality and diversity at all times. Organizations should monitor whole recruitment processes continuously to ensure their validity, and that they are non-di scriminatory.Advice and guidance is provided by Equality and Human Rights Commission, for example wider referenceising, flexible working hours arrangements or kid care vouchers for employees. THE SIZE OF THE COMPANY AND RESOURCES AVAILABLE small companies will have to use different recruitment and selection methods that the larger ones. The infrastructure and finance will determine if its a newspaper advert or TV campaign, for example Join the Army Campaign being used to recruit candidates. also a small organisation will not be able to use assessment centres or psychometric testing due to low budget available.SUPPLY AND DEMAND The availability of manpower both(prenominal) within and outside the organization is an important determinant in the recruitment process. If the company has a pray for more professionals and there is limited supply in the market for the professionals demanded by the company, then the company will have to depend upon internal sources by providing them spe cial training and development programs. Other factors include costs, recruitment policy or unemployment rate. 4. 2. 3 DIFFERENT RECRUITMENT METHODSThere are many recruitment methods available on the market including advertising, agency, website, word of mouth, newspaper, posters, milk round, internships, head hunters, recommend a friend scheme, well-disposed media Facebook, LinkedIn, job centre, etc. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below RECRUITMENT METHOD BENEFITS otherwise COMMENTS Advertising on the website price effective Creates employers branding Easily accessible Gives understanding of organizations culture Broad recruitment poolHR managers are actively involved in recruitment and selection Recruitment agency clipping effective Efficient Broadens the recruitment pool High standard UK eligibility and CRB checks done Is used to hire management level employees, mainly by larger organizations Recommend a friend scheme Its less expensive t han agency It comes with a recommendation of someone we already trust Used to employ all levels staff from waiters and chefs to senior management There is a risk of discrimination claim Source Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 4. 3. 3 SELECTION METHODSThere are many selection methods, including assessment centres, speed networking, psychometric testing, daily lead role practice, competency based interviews, telephone interviews/screening, group interviews/exercises or occupational tests. For the purpose of this exercise I will describe 3 methods in a table below SELECTION METHOD BENEFITS OTHER COMMENTS Assessment centre Creates employers branding Time effective Its expensive Doesnt give understanding of organizational culture Face to face interview Time effective Efficient Cost effectiveAvailability to see candidates attitude Opportunity for probing Needs good preparation Should be done by a trained and experienced interviewer Psychometric tests Gives highly predictive results Improves the e fficiency of the recruitment process There is a risk of standardisation Source Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 5. INDUCTION Induction is the process of familiarisation with the organisation and settling into the job (acas. org. uk). 5. 1. PURPOSE OF INDUCTION 1. Social welcome employees feeling valued 2. Introduction to the Companys culture 3. Physical orientation 4.Explanation of employees benefits staff discount and pension scheme. 5. accord of eligibility to work in UK 6. Explanation of house rules staff uniforms, reporting absences, etc. 5. 2. HOW DOES INDUCTION BENEFIT INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANISATIONS almost labour turnover is among new employees, and work efficiency is reached only after a period of breeding and adjusting to the new environment. Induction benefits for individuals are Builds overconfident attitude of the company Allows quick adjusting, especially for school leavers or people returning to the workforce Saves timeThe benefits of induction for an employer are The chanc e to build on the positive attitude of the new recruit To answer their anxieties about how well they will get on with their co-workers and understand the standards and rules of the organisation Chance to welcome new employees and build on their positive attitude and enthusiasm for their new job An opportunity to familiarise new members of staff with your organisation To introduce them to their immediate colleagues and other members of the wider workforce Health and safety, equality and discriminationCase study illustrating the result of the lack of an induction process A new employee starts on a Monday, reports to reception and no one knows he is due to start work on that day. He is sent to room 302 where 3 very surprised team members welcome him in a cold way. It transpires that the desk and computer are not ready and he has to share a desk with one of his colleagues. The new starter feels very lost and disappointed. He doesnt know who to ask for help and find out only after going back home and visiting the web site. He contacts HR but the situation isnt resolved until the following calendar week.He doesnt think positively about his new company and starts regretting quitting his last job. 5. 3. INDUCTION PLAN A copy of an induction plan should be kept by new starter to enable him to follow what is happening and will act as a reminder of anything missed or that needs particular attention. POSITION EMPLOYEE START DATE pass water INDUCTION COMPLETION DATE SIGNATURE AREAS TO BE cover WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS PERSONAL DOCUMENTATION/ ELIGIBILITY TO WORK IN UK CHECKED premier day HR Take copies P45 setoff day HR Take copies NIN introductory day HR Take copies INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY number 1 week Line manager founding Whos who HistoryProducts/services/markets Future plans and developments TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT First day HR indite Written terms and conditions issued Contract of employment issued Hours, breaks, method of payment Holidays Clockin g on/flexitime/reporting procedures tentative period Period of notice Sickness provisions Pension provisions Maternity/paternity/ enate leave provisions AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICY AND WORKER DEVELOPMENT First week HR Verbal/Written Equal opportunities policy Training needs and objectives Further education/training policies Performance appraisal Promotion avenuesPolicy/procedures to prevent bullying and harassment WORKER/EMPLOYER RELATIONS First week Line manager Verbal Trade union membership Other worker agency Worker communications and consultation Grievance and disciplinary procedure Appeals procedure ORGANISATION RULES First week Mentor/Buddy Verbal/Coffee chat Smoking policy General behaviour/dress code Telephone calls/emails and use of the internet Canteen/break facilities Cloakroom/toilets/lockers HEALTH AND SAFETY First week Safety officer E learning Risk assessment Emergency procedures AREAS TO BE COVERED WHEN WHO HOW COMMENTS Awar eness of hazards any particular to type of workSafety rules Emergency procedures Clear gangways, exits Location of exits inform of accidents First aid Personal hygiene WELFARE AND WORKER BENEFITS/FACILITIES First month Section supervisor Coffee chat Sports facilities Protective clothing supply, laundry, replacement Transport/parking arrangements Company discounts THE JOB First week Mentor/Buddy Coffee chat Introduction to manager/supervisor Requirements of new job Standards expected Co-workers Supervision and work performance appraisals Source Induction, Appendix 3, acas. org. uk with small changes by Aleksandra Wozniak 2013 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hallstead Case Essay Example for Free

Hallstead Case Essay1.)The break make up point in number of sales has move along with the breakeven point in sales dollars from 2003 to 2006. The margin of safety has decreased as well. Every social class they bring to increase the number of sales tickets then the previous year to meet their breakeven point. After 2004 when intricacy of the store begun, Hallsteads fixed cost have grown each year. The decrease from 2004 to 2006 is far little substantial than from 2003 to 2004. This damage is cause by the stores expansion. It is renting a much larger space humble the street from its previous location.This has incurred much lager expenses each year then in than prior to 2004. 2.)Yes, the political partys income would increase. The new breakeven point in sales dollars would be approximately $6.03 million. 3.)Eliminating sales focussing would have a huge effect on the breakeven volume. If they follow through with Gretchens idea of eliminating sales commission their expenses would decrease a great deal each year. They would not have to make nearly as many sales to breakeven. Although this could have an adverse effect on the sales volume.Employees will not be nearly as aggressive in making sales because it will not affect their personal income. Employees could act disapprovingly towards this new measure, affecting the bottom line negatively in the long run. 4.)If Hallstead added an spare $200,000 to advertising each year they would have to increase the sales volume considerably, thats if they decide not to do away with sales commission.5.)Average sales would have to increase over $24 to break even if fixed costs remained the same. 6.)I would recommend that Hallstead Jewelers listen to the consultant that suggested price reduction to increase sales. I deliberate this would be a smart move because with the new store they have room for more sales then the previous location so upping sales numbers is an grave step. If reducing sales doesnt help improve th e bottom line, I would then suggest that they eliminate sales commission. Although this as been an important part of business, eliminating sales commission would greatly decrease their yearly expense. I think adding advertising afterwards their recent move is extremely important. Although it is a $200,000 expense, it could increase sales significantly. These are my suggestions for Hallstead Jewelers

Commentary on Watson and Crick Dna Discovery Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Watson and twirl Dna Discovery sampleIn their 1953 Nature publication, Watson and Crick announced their landmark discovery DNA exists in the form of a right handed, three-dimensional double spiral. They described their DNA model as two DNA fibrils affiliated by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Adenine bases ar always paired with thymines, and cytosines argon always paired with guanines. Watson and Crick identified the anti-parallel configuration of DNA strands each 5 end of one strand is paired with the 3 end of its complementary strand. Nucleotides are linked to each opposite by their orthophosphate groups, which bind the 3 end of one sugar to the 5 end of the next sugar. Nitrogenous bases are available to participate in hydrogen bonding. This important morphologic feature correlates with function that would soon be discovered the bases have sites available to form hydrogen bonds with the proteins that play vital roles in the restitution and demonstration of DNA. Since its inception, these features of the Watson and Crick model remain the same today. This enduring credibility is amazing, considering that many scientific research findings are drastically modified over time.In this typography, the two scientists claim their model to be radically various in order to strongly set it apart from the DNA structural model that was competitively proposed by Pauling and Corey, and also by Fraser a triple helix with bases positioned emergeward. Watson and Crick rejected the triple helix model, criticizing that the jut bases would leave the negatively charged phosphates positioned inward and towards each other. This could not be the correct structure beca drill the hatred of negative charges would blow apart the helix. Therefore, Watson and Crick knew it was the bases, not the phosphates, which were positioned inward and linked by hydrogen bonds. Their structural hypothesis was consistent with Chargaffs research as well as the x-ray data.The intrigue of this paper cannot solely be attributed to its clear and simple presentation of a landmark discovery. Watson and Crick were indeed scientific pioneers, but they could never have drawn correct conclusions about DNA structure without considering data and hypotheses of other scientists. Chargaffs discovery about DNA base proportions as well as Franklins essential X-ray crystallography data made it possible for Watson and Crick to derive the three-dimensional, double-helical model for the structure of DNA. Although other scientists came close, Watson and Crick were the ones who got it right.Watson and Cricks model suggested the structure correlated with function It has not escaped our notice that the peculiar(prenominal) pairing we have postulated suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material. The process of DNA replication was unknown at the time. By investigation of its function in the replication process, scientists were able to find out m ore about the more complex levels of DNA structure, which Watson and Cricks model fails to predict. Today, we know that in that respect are different DNA structures in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotic cells, DNA in the nucleus is tightly packaged into chromosomes. The chromosomes form when DNA wraps around an 8-histone core to build the nucleosomes that make up chromosomes. Therefore, the double helix model of DNA is only relevant when DNA is in a replication stage. The model does not provide any information about important, higher level complexities of DNA structure.Our present accord of retentiveness and utilization of a cells genetic information has been possible because of Watson and Cricks discovery. For example, understanding DNA has led us to new, successful avenues for medical research and treatment of diseases. We are able to use genetic screening for disease, and we have a better understanding of disease mutation, as in the flu virus. Also, our knowledge of DN As structure and function has made tissue matching possible for patients receiving transplants.

French and Indian War Brief Essay Example for Free

French and Indian contend Brief EssayMajor Players in the French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War was primarily Eng impart and the American colonies against the French and unhomogeneous Native American tribes in America. As France expand its colonies along the Ohio River, and Britain ventured further into the mountains and discovered them, it was inevitable that there would be competition, tension and eventually war among the two colonies. This war has come to be known as the French and Indian war, but it has various other names such as The Seven Year War or The War of British Conquest. The war escalated into a world war in 1760 when France and Britain stated war on from each one other. It was sparked in America, not Europe, but Great Britain spent a lot of money in portion to fight the war and support to their colonies in America and the colonies participated fully in the war.Main reasons for the French and Indian WarBritain and France had long been in a competition for territory in North America. The rich land west and north-west of the Appalachians was in top demand, for it was filled with waterways, fisheries, abundant game and beaver runs. Tensions grew until France and Britain finally declared war on each other for the region in 1756. In the first year, the British were overcome numerous times by the French and their allies, the Native Americans. This is when British Prime Minister William Pitt lent a hand to help out with the war, and funded an expanded war effort which involved shipping 10,000 soldiers overseas. He could debate that there was potential of imperial expansion if France were defeated and borrowed substantial amounts of money to contribute. From then on, Frances attempts started to fail. By 1760 they were expelled from Canada, and their all allies in Europe were defeated or made separate peace with Prussia.The War comes to an endThe French and Indian War was a great British victory. It ended with the signing of the treat y of Paris and also the Treaty of Hubertsburg in February 1763. In the Treaty of Paris, France lost east-Canada and gave Louisiana to Spain. Britain received Spanish Florida, Upper Canada and other French holdings overseas. The British were very pleased with the treaty, as they no longer had to concern about French attacks as much as they previously did. Also, the extra land meant more populate for discovery and settlement, although there were still natives all through the land.Contribution the beginning of the American Revolution cardinal years after the war, the bitterness the French felt after the loss of their colonial empire influenced their stimulation in the American Revolution.

Binge eating disorder Essay Example for Free

ingurgitate consume affection EssayBinge consume ail ( nominate it off) is characterized by recurrent episodes of rent feeding non accompanied by distant compensatory behaviors. Although it is not yet officially recognized, it was included in the current symptomatic and Statistical Manual of rational perturbs (DSM) as a disorder to be studied, with seek criteria included. It is alike slated to be included in the side by side(p) DSM as one of the officially recognized eating disorders.There have been several give-and-take modalities utilise in its discussion pharmacotherapy, mental hygiene, and a combination of the two. Being a young disorder, retreat still unavoidably future research to show which modality treats it best in the long run. Approaches to Treatment of Binge eat trouble What Is fundament? How Is It Different From Bulimia Nervosa? Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of lug eating not accompanied by foreign com pensatory behaviors (Sadock Sadock, 2003).Although riot eating, by itself, is more comm notwithstanding associated with flood-eating syndrome nervosa, snag eating disorder is recognized as a sepa reckon entity. Unlike BED, bulimia nervosa involves prodigal concern with tree trunk shape and angle, and bulimics often have a self-perception of being too fat, with an intrusive dread of fatness (World Health Organization WHO, 1993). more(prenominal)over, the absence of compensatory behaviors further distinguishes BED from the non-purging type of bulimia nervosa, which is defined by the symptomatic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-IV, as when the individual has used other inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but has not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas (Ameri brook Psychiatric Association APA, 2000). Diagnosis of Binge eat DisorderAlthough shove eating disorder s till has to gain official recognition, the Text Revision of DSM-IV (APA, 2000) lays down the pursual research criteria for diagnosing the disorder A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by some(prenominal) of the adjacent (1) eating, in a discrete layover of sequence (e. g. , within any 2-hour period), an total of nourishment that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances (2) the thought of lack of control over eating during the episode (e. g. , a feeling that onecannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating) B. Binge-eating episodes atomic subprogram 18 associated with three (or more) of the following (1) eating much more rapidly than normal (2) eating until feeling uncomfortably full (3) eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry (4) eating only when because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating (5) feeling disgusted wit h oneself, depressed, or rattling guilty after(prenominal) overeating C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is present. D. The binge eating occurs, on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. E.The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e. g. , purging, fasting, excessive exercise, etc. ) and does not occur exclusively during the course of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Several issues have been raised regarding the criteria mentioned above. For example, one question raised by some experts in the field is that thither is no definite way to assess just how much food constitutes an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances. Fulfilling these criteria would at best be a subjective process. While the DSM-IV criteria for BED is usually applied to adults, Marcus and Kalarchian (2003) have proposed a separate set of provisional researc h criteria for diagnosing BED in children. These ar A. Recurrent episodes of being eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following (1) food quest in absence of famish (e. g. after a full meal) (2) a sense of lack of control over eating (e. g., endorse that When I start to eat, I just cant stop) B. Binge episodes are associated with one or more of the following (1) food seeking in response to negative affect (e. g. , sadness, boredom, restlessness) (2) food seeking as a reward (3) creep or hiding food C. Symptoms persist over a period of 3 months. D. ingest is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e. g. , purging, fasting, excessive exercise) and does not occur exclusively during the course ofanorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Some of the questionnaires used to diagnose binge eating disorder are the Binge Eating home (BES), the three Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Structured C linical Interview for the Diagnosis of DSM Disorders (SCID), and the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE). The Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder Overview In the steering of BED, the primary goal is to carry by abstinence from binge eating (Bulik, Brownley Shapiro, 2007).However, studies have shown that BED has comorbid conditions that require as much attention, such as depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks and even attempts at suicide (Grucza, Przybeck Cloninger, 2007). Furthermore, since patients diagnosed with BED do not usually engage in inappropriate compensatory behaviors, they are usually obese as strong, a condition that sometimes causes more concern in professionals caring for BED patients because of its health implications. Because of the different aspects of this disorder, different manipulation modalities are being used, with some experts favoring one and others favoring some other.Pharmacotherapy Medications used to treat binge eating disorder in clude impulse suppressants, anticonvulsants, selective serotonin and norepinephrine reup find inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants. These have been studied in double-blind placebo-controlled trials, and the results, though modest, have been promising (Appolinario McElroy, 2004). Appetite suppressants. According to Appolinario, Bacaltchuk, Sichieri, Claudino, Godoy-Matos, Morgan, Zanella Coutinho (2003), fenfluramine hydrochloride was the first antiobesity agent shown to be effective in treating binge eating disorder.However, this drug has been withdrawn from the market because of intolerable side set up. Currently, the anti-obesity agent that seems to be the most studied in the treatment of BED is sibutramine. Sibutramine is a drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and, to some extent, dopamine. A believe by Appolinario et al. (2003) showed that patients winning sibutramine, as opposed to those habituated a placebo pill, experience a significant reduction in the number of days with binge episodes. Whereas those in the placebo crowd actually gained some weight, the patients given sibutramine lost an average of 7.4 kg. The charter participants were asked to fill out the Binge Eating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory before and after their treatment program, and the sibutramine classify had importantly lower scores after treatment. The battleground cites dry mouth and abnormality as the adverse reactions commonly encountered by those taking sibutramine. The authors cerebrate that sibutramine is effective and well tolerated for treating obese BED patients. some other study supporting the use of sibutramine in BED was published in the American ledger of psychiatry in January 2008.Wilfley, Crow, Hudson, Mitchell, Berkowitz, Blakesley, Walsh, and the Sibutramine Binge Eating Disorder Research host (2008) shew that patients taking sibutramine (15 mg daily for 24 weeks) were able to significantly reduce the followin g measures weekly binge frequency, weight ( wet of 4. 3 kg), frequency of binge days, body mass might, and eating pathology, such as cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger. Moreover, these patients in any case experienced global improvement and had a greater percentage of abstinence from binge eating (58. 7%, compared with the 42. 8% of the placebo group). Anticonvulsants.In the February 2003 var. of the American Journal of abnormal psychology, McElroy, Arnold, Shapira, Keck, Rosenthal, Karim, Kamin Hudson (2003) reported that 30 patients with binge eating disorder randomly assigned to receive a flexible dose (25 to 600 mg per day) of the anticonvulsant drug topiramate had a significantly greater rate of reduction in binge frequency, binge day frequency, weight (mean dismissal of 5. 9 kg), and body mass index. They in any case had lower scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, which was modified for binge eating, and on the Clinical planetary Impression severity scale.However, six patients receiving topiramate were unable to continue participating in the study because of adverse events, in general headaches and paresthesias. The researchers cogitate that topiramate was useful for the short-term treatment of BED. The journal Biological psychiatry excessively published a study by McElroy, Hudson, Capece, Beyers, Fisher, Rosenthal, and the Topiramate Binge Eating Disorder Research Group (2007), which showed that 195 patients taking topiramate were able to reduce binge eating days per week, binge episodes per week, weight (mean outlet of 4.5 kg), and body mass index compared with those assigned to take placebo. Thirty percent of those taking topiramate left the study, mostly due to adverse effects such as paresthesia, upper respiratory tract infection, somnolence and nausea. However, xxx percent of those taking the placebo pill also were not able to continue with the program. Despite the adverse events reported, the authors concl uded that topiramate is well tolerated and was efficacious in treating BED and its features, particularly obesity.Another antiepileptic drug that was evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of binge eating disorder is zonisamide. McElroy, Kotwal, Guerdjikova, Welge, Nelson, Lake, DAlessio, Keck Hudson (2006) reported in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry that thirty patients given zonisamide (100 to 600 mg per day for 16 weeks) had a reduction in the frequency of their binge eating episodes, body weight, body mass index, and scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale limited for Binge Eating and the Clinical Global Impressions Severity Scale.Eight of the patients receiving zonisamide discontinued treatment because of accidental daub with bone fracture, psychological complaints and cognitive complaints. In conclusion, the researchers noted that zonisamide was efficacious in treatment of BED with obesity but that it was not well tolerated. Selective serotonin reuptake inhib itors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to have beneficial effects in the management of binge eating disorder.Among the earliest SSRIs shown to be useful in BED treatment was fluvoxamine. Hudson, McElroy, Raymond, Crow, Keck, Carter, Mitchell, Strakowski, Pope, Coleman Jonas (1998) reported that cardinal patients who received a flexible dose of fluvoxamine (50 to 300 mg) for 9 weeks had a significantly greater subside in the frequency of binges and in body mass index. Furthermore, these patients given fluvoxamine achieved a greater reduction in Clinical Global Impression severity score and a greater rate of increase in Clinical Global Impression improvement scores.However, fluvoxamine did not have a significant effect on the participants Hamilton depression scale scores, and the proportion of patients who dropped out of the study because of adverse effects came from the fluvoxamine group. Furthermore, a nother study do 5 years after on a different, smaller set of patients showed that there was a reduction in binge frequency, eating concern, shape concern and weight concern in both the group receiving fluvoxamine and the group receiving placebo (Pearlstein, Spurell, Hohlstein, Gurney, Read, Fuchs Keller, 2003).The authors say this is just an example of the inconsistent results of antidepressant studies in binge eating disorder (Pearlstein et al. , 2003). Another SSRI shows greater promise. McElroy, Hudson, Malhotra, Welge, Nelson Keck (2003) conducted a 6-week, double-blind, flexible-dose (20 to 60 mg per day) study on the efficacy of citalopram in reducing the frequency of binge eating episodes.They reported that the 19 patients receiving citalopram, compared with those receiving placebo, had a significantly greater rate of reduction in the frequency of binge eating episodes, frequency of binge days, weight, body mass index and severity of illness. In addition, citalopram was s promote to be well tolerated by the participants of the study. A head-to-head comparison of two SSRIs sertraline and fluoxetine hydrocholoride was conducted by Leombruni, Piero, Lavagnino, Brustolin, Campisi Fassino (2008) and published in the journal Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.Twenty-two participants were given 100 to 200 mg of sertraline daily, age twenty were given 40 to 80 mg of fluoxetine per day. After 8 weeks, participants from both groups had significant weight exit and their scores in the Binge Eating Scale improved. There was no significant difference found between the two drugs, and the researchers concluded that both SSRIs are effective options in treating patients with BED. A drug that inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake was studied by Noma, Uwatoko, Yamamoto Hayashi (2008).Although the trial did not counseling exclusively on individuals with binge eating disorder but consisted of 25 binge eaters, some of whom w ere diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. These patients received the drug milnacipran for 8 weeks and were found to have improved scores in congenator to their drive for binge eating and regret for the same(p). Milnacipran was noted to be more effective in patients without purging. Venlafaxine, another medication that inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, was mentioned by Appolinario et al.(2003) as effective in BED therapy. McElroy, Guerdjikova, Kotwal, Welge, Nelson, Lake, Keck Hudson (2007) examined the effects of atomoxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on BED. Twenty patients who received the drug had a significant simplification in binge-eating episode frequency, binge day frequency, weight, and body mass index. Their scores on the Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Illness scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Binge Eating obsession subscale, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire hunger subscale improve d as well.However, three of the patients receiving atomoxetine asked to discontinue their treatment because of increased depressive symptoms, befooling or nervousness. Tricyclic antidepressants. Bulik, Brownley Shapiro (2007), in a review of the diagnosis and management of binge eating disorder, also mentions imipramine as one of the drugs that were shown in trials to be effective in the treatment of BED. Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that is used mainly for the treatment of depression and enuresis. A drug from the same family, desipramine, was also mentioned as having beneficial effects in BED.There have indeed been umpteen drugs explored by research for the treatment of binge eating disorder. However, while a lot of studies show that they do have a beneficial effect on patients with BED, particularly with regards to a reduction in binge frequency and weight, the results are somewhat modest. In addition, there have been no semipermanent studies tracking the efficacy o f these drugs as yet. And hence, of course, there is the concern that many of those individuals taking these drugs might give them up due to the adverse effects they cause.More importantly, the drugs do not address the underlying cause of binge eating, the psychopathology in individuals that lead them to take in large amounts of food despite the knowledge that doing so could harm them physically and socially. Thus, while many experts in the field would agree that medications help to curb the comorbidities of BED, they still encourage the use of mental hygiene. Psychotherapy cognitive behavioural therapy. The behavioural therapeutic approach to binge eating disorder that is probably the most assay and true is cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT (Bulik, Brownley Shapiro, 2007).As the name implies, the theory behind this practice is the cognitive behavioral model of binge eating, which postulates that binge eating develops in response to restrictive food intake and occurs in the context of ongoing dietetic restraint and the experience of negative emotions (Levine Marcus, 2003). In short, inaccurate thoughts and beliefs for example, those about body shape and weight lead to inappropriate eating behavior. CBT helps patients identify these binge-triggering thoughts and modify them so as to get through binge abstinence.According to Bulik, Brownley Shapiro (2007), cognitive behavioral therapy has been reported by several studies to be effective in reducing binge frequency, related psychological aspects of binge eating (restraint, disinhibition, and hunger), depressed mood, and ratings of illness severity in individuals with BED. Levine Marcus (2003) note that, while cognitive behavioral therapy has been traditionally used in the management of individuals with bulimia nervosa, the technique has been modified to accommodate the differences between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.For example, unlike people with bulimia nervosa, those with binge e ating disorder tend to be obese, so CBT can directly mastermind cognitions about having a large body size. They explain, Overweight individuals with BED may be helped to accept their body size and to restructure maladaptive thoughts about the amount of weight loss they are likely to achieve. That is, although modest weight loss may relate to improvements in binge eating, for most BED patients this decrease may not checker with their desired weight loss. It is therefore important that cognitions about acceptable body sizes be targeted during treatment. Interpersonal psychotherapy. Another type of therapy that has found success in patients with bulimia nervosa and has since been also applied to people with binge eating disorder is interpersonal psychotherapy, or IPT. While CBT focuses on the thoughts that trigger eating binges, interpersonal psychotherapy operates on the theory that binge eating stems from the internal milieu created by specific social and interpersonal problems. T hus, it focuses on identifying and addressing specific, problematic interpersonal patterns, in an effort to ameliorate dysfunctional eating behaviors (Levine Marcus, 2003).As with CBT, IPT is focused, structured and time-limited. However, it does not address the patients beliefs about eating, weight and shape and, unlike CBT, does not directly target eating behaviors. In the Archives of General Psychiatry, Wilfley, Welch, Stein, Spurrell, Cohen, Saelens, Dounchis, Frank, Wiseman Matt (2002) report on a comparative study that they conducted between CBT and IPT. Both were foundere in a group setting, and the participants in each group went through 20 weekly sessions of therapy. Results showed that binge-eating recovery rates were similar for both CBT and IPT immediately after treatment.They further conducted down on each participant and noted that, while, there was a slight increase in binge eating when the treatment ended, the frequency of such binges remained significantly lower than the frequency prior to initiation of any CBT or IPT. In addition, the researchers reported significant reductions in psychiatric symptoms, and these were maintained through follow-up. They noted that, while dietary restraint decreased more quickly in patients who underwent CBT, a similar level of dietary restraint was accomplished by those who underwent IPT by the time of follow-up.The participants weight decreased only slightly, but significantly, and the authors then concluded that group IPT is a reasonable preference to group CBT for dealing with stoutness BED patients. dialectic behavior therapy. Another type of therapy used for the treatment of BED is dialectical behavior therapy, or DBT. This is describe by Levine Marcus (2003) as a comprehensive treatment program based on cognitive and behavioral principles and complemented by the use of acceptance-based strategies derived primarily from Zen Buddhism. Patients undergo a weekly individual outpatient therapy and, at t he same time, a weekly group skills therapy that has the goal of increasing behavioral skills that can help them deal with binge eating. According to Bulik, Brownley Shapiro (2007), dialectical behavior therapy fosters the development of skills in the domains of mindfulness, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and distress tolerance. Although it is still considered an alternative form of behavior therapy, there have been studies showing that DBT has led to a greater reduction in binge days, binge episodes, and concerns with weight, shape and eating.Other behavioral therapies. Aside from cognitive behavior therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and dialectical behavior therapy, Bulik, Brownley Shapiro (2007) mention self-help, exercise and virtual reality therapy as treatment modalities that have been tried in patients with BED. Self-help interventions are delivered in various formats, and may be done with or without structure, and with out without the aid of a facilita tor or a therapist.It has been shown by some studies to result in greater reductions in the mean number of binge days and in the clinical severity of BED. Abstinence and cessation rates were also reported to be improved with self-help, but weight loss was not significantly achieved. Medications and Psychotherapy have and Compared Several studies have explored the option of combining pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy. Bulik, Brownley Shapiro (2007) discuss the results of these studies. For example, a trial compared fluoxetine completely with CBT alone and fluoxetine plus CBT.The authors of that trial reported that CBT plus fluoxetine, and CBT alone, were more effective than fluoxetine alone in reducing the frequency of binges, concerns with eating and body shape, disinhibition and depression. Another comparison discussed in the same paper compared desipramine alone, weight loss therapy, and CBT. Bulik, Brownley Shapiro (2007) relate Binge eating was significantly reduced after 1 2 weeks in both groups receiving CBT however, this effect did not persist at 36 weeks of treatment. Average weight loss was greatest in the weight loss therapy group in the early stages of treatment, but over time (i. e., at 3-month follow-up) the group receiving desipramine lost the most weight. Desipramine showed no clear advantage in reducing symptoms of depression. Claudino, de Oliveira, Appolinario, Cordas, Duchesne, Sichieri Bacaltchuk (2007) compared topiramate alone with CBT plus topiramate and concluded that topiramate added to CBT improved the efficacy of the later, increasing binge remission and weight loss in the short run. Topiramate was well tolerated, as shown by few adverse events during treatment. Finally, Molinari, Baruffi, Croci, Marchi Petroni (2005) conducted a comparison of CBT alone, fluoxetine alone, and CBT plus fluoxetine.Results showed that the two groups which underwent psychotherapy resulted in a better outcome in terms of number of bingeing episode s, maintenance of weight loss reduction from baseline and psychological well being than the group treated with pharmacological therapy alone. The authors concluded that the results of their study highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to binge eating disorder. However, as with pharmacotherapy alone and with psychotherapy alone, the long-term efficacy of a combined drugs-and-talk approach to binge eating disorder still has to be proved by future studies.Practical Advice To Tell Patients Empowering patients to take control of their disorder is also important. Smith, Barston, Segal Segal (2008) offer the following tips that concerned eating disorder professionals can give their patients Eat breakfast. Skipping breakfast often leads to overeating later in the day, so start your day right with a healthy meal. Eating breakfast also jump starts your metabolism in the morning. Studies show that people who eat breakfast are thinner than those who dont. Avoid temptatio n. Youre much more likely to overeat if you have junk food, desserts, and unhealthy snacks in the house.Remove the temptation by clearing your fridge and cupboards of your favorite binge foods. Stop dieting. The deprivation and hunger of strict dieting can trigger food cravings and the urge to overeat. Instead of dieting, focus on eating in moderation. Find nutritious foods that you enjoy and avoid labeling foods as good or bad. Exercise. Not only will exercise help you lost weight in a healthy way, but it also lifts depression, improves overall health, and reduces stress. The natural mood-boosting effects of exercise can help put a stop to activated eating. Destress.Learn how to cope with stress in healthy ways that dont involve food. shoemakers last Binge eating disorder is still relatively young. With its anticipated inclusion in the next edition of the DSM, a lot of studies have turned their attention to this eating disorder that has only been recognized as an entity sepa rate from the other eating disorder in the last decade. Hopefully, these studies, and the ones still to be conducted, will deliver a sound basis for how best to approach binge eating disorder. 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